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Direct linkWalsh, Joseph A. – American Biology Teacher, 2008
"Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution." This was the title of an essay by geneticist Theodosius Dobzhansky writing in 1973. Many causes have been given for the increased Cesarean section rate in developed countries, but biologic evolution has not been one of them. The C-section rate will continue to rise, because the…
Descriptors: Evolution, Birth, Surgery, Genetics
Mervis, Carolyn B.; John, Angela E. – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2008
Purpose: This project was designed to identify relative strengths and weaknesses in vocabulary ability for children with Williams syndrome (WS) and to demonstrate the importance of stringent matching criteria for cross-group comparisons. Method: Children with WS and typically developing (TD) children completed standardized assessments of…
Descriptors: Vocabulary Skills, Genetic Disorders, Children, Spatial Ability
Markham, Chris M.; Huhman, Kim L. – Learning & Memory, 2008
Conditioned defeat is a model wherein hamsters that have previously experienced a single social defeat subsequently exhibit heightened levels of avoidance and submission in response to a smaller, non-aggressive intruder. While we have previously demonstrated the critical involvement of the basolateral and central nuclei of the amygdala in the…
Descriptors: Animals, Testing, Genetics, Conditioning
Belmonte, Matthew K.; Mazziotta, John C.; Minshew, Nancy J.; Evans, Alan C.; Courchesne, Eric; Dager, Stephen R.; Bookheimer, Susan Y.; Aylward, Elizabeth H.; Amaral, David G.; Cantor, Rita M.; Chugani, Diane C.; Dale, Anders M.; Davatzikos, Christos; Gerig, Guido; Herbert, Martha R.; Lainhart, Janet E.; Murphy, Declan G.; Piven, Joseph; Reiss, Allan L.; Schultz, Robert T.; Zeffiro, Thomas A.; Levi-Pearl, Susan; Lajonchere, Clara; Colamarino, Sophia A. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2008
Data sharing in autism neuroimaging presents scientific, technical, and social obstacles. We outline the desiderata for a data-sharing scheme that combines imaging with other measures of phenotype and with genetics, defines requirements for comparability of derived data and recommendations for raw data, outlines a core protocol including…
Descriptors: Autism, Genetics, Measurement Techniques, Data Analysis
Farran, Emily K.; Cole, Victoria L. – Brain and Cognition, 2008
Perceptual grouping is a pre-attentive process which serves to group local elements into global wholes, based on shared properties. One effect of perceptual grouping is to distort the ability to estimate the distance between two elements. In this study, biases in distance estimates, caused by four types of perceptual grouping, were measured across…
Descriptors: Perception, Classification, Genetic Disorders, Mental Retardation
Condit, Celeste M. – Quarterly Journal of Speech, 2008
Prevailing idealist and materialist theories of rhetoric fail to account for the continual circulation and recirculation of "racism" as a scientific discourse. An alternative theory of modal materialism addresses this problem by suggesting that the properties of all being are constituted through three distinguishable forms of matter that include…
Descriptors: Genetics, Rhetorical Theory, Ethics, Racial Bias
Mulligan, Aisling; Gill, Michael; Fitzgerald, Michael – Journal of Attention Disorders, 2008
Background: ADHD is a common, heritable disorder of childhood. Sex chromosome abnormalities are relatively rare conditions that are sometimes associated with behavioral disorders. Method: The authors present a male child with ADHD and a major de-novo Y chromosome abnormality consisting of deletion of the long arm and duplication of the short arm.…
Descriptors: Behavior Disorders, Genetics, Attention Deficit Disorders, Hyperactivity
Szeberenyi, Jozsef – Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education, 2008
The classic experiment presented in this problem-solving test was designed to identify the template molecules of translation by analyzing the synthesis of phage proteins in "Escherichia coli" cells infected with bacteriophage T4. The work described in this test led to one of the most seminal discoveries of early molecular biology: it dealt a…
Descriptors: Genetics, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Problem Solving
Martin, Michael P.; Detzel, Stephen M. – Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education, 2008
Analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms and their association with diseases and nondisease phenotypes is of growing importance in human biology studies. In this laboratory exercise, students determine the genetic basis for their ABO blood type; however, no blood is drawn. Students isolate genomic DNA from buccal mucosa cells that are present…
Descriptors: Genetics, Science Laboratories, Molecular Biology, Science Instruction
McKinney, Brandon C.; Sze, Wilson; White, Jessica A.; Murphy, Geoffrey G. – Learning & Memory, 2008
Using pharmacological approaches, others have suggested that L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (L-VGCCs) mediate both consolidation and extinction of conditioned fear. In the absence of L-VGCC isoform-specific antagonists, we have begun to investigate the subtype-specific role of LVGCCs in consolidation and extinction of conditioned fear…
Descriptors: Animals, Genetics, Fear, Pharmacology
Mulder, Martijn J.; Baeyens, Dieter; Davidson, Matthew C.; Casey, B. J.; Van Den Ban, Els; Van Engeland, Herman; Durston, Sarah – Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2008
The study examines whether cerebellar systems are sensitive to familial risk for ADHD in addition to frontostriatal circuitry. The results conclude that familial vulnerability to ADHD affects activity in both the prefrontal cortex and cerebellum.
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Attention Deficit Disorders, Hyperactivity, Genetics
Collis, L.; Moss, J.; Jutley, J.; Cornish, K.; Oliver, C. – Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 2008
Background: Individuals with Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) have been reported to show comparatively high levels of flat and negative affect but there have been no empirical evaluations. In this study, we use an objective measure of facial expression to compare affect in CdLS with that seen in Cri du Chat syndrome (CDC) and a group of…
Descriptors: Nonverbal Communication, Mental Retardation, Genetic Disorders, Children
Download full textInteragency Autism Coordinating Committee, 2010
As part of the Combating Autism Act of 2006, the members of the Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee (IACC) are required to develop an annual "Summary of Advances" to describe each year's top advances in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) research. These advances represent significant progress in the early diagnosis of ASD, understanding the…
Descriptors: Strategic Planning, Autism, Disability Identification, Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Desjardins, Richard; Warnke, Arne Jonas – OECD Publishing (NJ1), 2012
The relationship between ageing and skills is becoming an important policy issue, not least in the context of population ageing. Data from the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) will potentially add considerably to the understanding of the relationship between ageing and foundation skills. In particular, the…
Descriptors: Multivariate Analysis, Foreign Countries, Profiles, Adult Literacy
Hershock, Chad; LaVaque-Manty, Mika – Center for Research on Learning and Teaching, 2012
The rapid proliferation of technology can have profound effects on the evolution of teaching, learning, scholarship, and governance in higher education (Katz, 2008). However, instructors report that simply "keeping up" with new instructional technologies, let alone integrating them productively into one's teaching, can be a significant…
Descriptors: Teaching Methods, Educational Technology, Technology Uses in Education, Learner Engagement
