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Direct linkShane, Scott; Nicolaou, Nicos; Cherkas, Lynn; Spector, Tim D. – Journal of Applied Psychology, 2010
We applied multivariate genetics techniques to a sample of 3,412 monozygotic and dizygotic twins from the United Kingdom and 1,300 monozygotic and dizygotic twins from the United States to examine whether genetic factors account for part of the covariance between the Big Five personality characteristics and the tendency to be an entrepreneur. We…
Descriptors: Twins, Personality, Genetics, Foreign Countries
Haworth, Claire M. A.; Plomin, Robert – Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2010
Objective: To consider recent findings from quantitative genetic research in the context of molecular genetic research, especially genome-wide association studies. We focus on findings that go beyond merely estimating heritability. We use learning abilities and disabilities as examples. Method: Recent twin research in the area of learning…
Descriptors: Learning Problems, Disabilities, Psychiatry, Genetics
Neale, Benjamin M.; Medland, Sarah E.; Ripke, Stephan; Asherson, Philip; Franke, Barbara; Lesch, Klaus-Peter; Faraone, Stephen V.; Nguyen, Thuy Trang; Schafer, Helmut; Holmans, Peter; Daly, Mark; Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph; Freitag, Christine; Reif, Andreas; Renner, Tobias J.; Romanos, Marcel; Romanos, Jasmin; Walitza, Susanne; Warnke, Andreas; Meyer, Jobst; Palmason, Haukur; Buitelaar, Jan; Vasquez, Alejandro Arias; Lambregts-Rommelse, Nanda; Gill, Michael; Anney, Richard J. L.; Langely, Kate; O'Donovan, Michael; Williams, Nigel; Owen, Michael; Thapar, Anita; Kent, Lindsey; Sergeant, Joseph; Roeyers, Herbert; Mick, Eric; Biederman, Joseph; Doyle, Alysa; Smalley, Susan; Loo, Sandra; Hakonarson, Hakon; Elia, Josephine; Todorov, Alexandre; Miranda, Ana; Mulas, Fernando; Ebstein, Richard P.; Rothenberger, Aribert; Banaschewski, Tobias; Oades, Robert D.; Sonuga-Barke, Edmund; McGough, James; Nisenbaum, Laura; Middleton, Frank; Hu, Xiaolan; Nelson, Stan – Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2010
Objective: Although twin and family studies have shown attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to be highly heritable, genetic variants influencing the trait at a genome-wide significant level have yet to be identified. As prior genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have not yielded significant results, we conducted a meta-analysis of…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Hospitals, Association Measures, Genetics
Beste, Christian; Heil, Martin; Domschke, Katharina; Konrad, Carsten – Neuropsychologia, 2010
Numerous lines of research indicate that attentional processes, working memory and saccadic processes are highly interrelated. In the current study, we examine the relation between these processes with respect to their cognitive-neurophysiological and neurobiological background by means of event-related potentials (ERPs) in a sample of N = 72…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Cognitive Processes, Attention, Neurology
Finestack, Lizbeth H.; Abbeduto, Leonard – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2010
Purpose: In this study, the authors examined the expressive language abilities of a subset of highly verbally expressive adolescents and young adults with Down syndrome (DS) and those with fragile X syndrome (FXS) for evidence of syndrome-related differences. FXS gender differences were also examined in an exploratory fashion. Method: The authors…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Expressive Language, Young Adults, Down Syndrome
Mann, Joshua R.; McDermott, Suzanne; Bao, Haikun; Hardin, James; Gregg, Anthony – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2010
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are primarily inherited, but perinatal or other environmental factors may also be important. In an analysis of 87,677 births from 1996 through 2002, insured by the South Carolina Medicaid program, birth weight was significantly inversely associated with the odds of ASD (OR = 0.78, p = 0.001 for each additional…
Descriptors: Body Weight, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Social Indicators
John, Angela E.; Mervis, Carolyn B. – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2010
Purpose: In this study, the authors examined the ability of preschoolers with Williams syndrome (WS) or Down syndrome (DS) to infer communicative intent as expressed through gestures (pointing and eye-gaze shift). Method: Participants were given a communicative or noncommunicative cue involving pointing or gaze shifting in the context of a hiding…
Descriptors: Down Syndrome, Congenital Impairments, Genetic Disorders, Mental Retardation
Bertone, Armando; Hanck, Julie; Kogan, Cary; Chaudhuri, Avi; Cornish, Kim – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2010
We have previously described (see companion paper, this issue) the utility of using perceptual signatures for defining and dissociating condition-specific neural functioning underlying early visual processes in autism and FXS. These perceptually-driven hypotheses are based on differential performance evidenced only at the earliest stages of visual…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Autism, Pathology, Cognitive Processes
Jensen, Jamie L. – American Biology Teacher, 2010
I present a learning cycle that explores different biotechnologies using the process of in situ hybridization as a platform. Students are presented with a cyclopic lamb and must use biotechnology to discover the mechanism behind the deformity. Through this activity, students learn about signal transduction and discover the processes of polymerase…
Descriptors: Biotechnology, Science Instruction, Teaching Methods, Genetics
Offner, Susan – American Biology Teacher, 2010
The beta hemoglobin protein is identical in humans and chimpanzees. In this tutorial, students see that even though the proteins are identical, the genes that code for them are not. There are many more differences in the introns than in the exons, which indicates that coding regions of DNA are more highly conserved than non-coding regions.
Descriptors: Genetics, Science Instruction, Animals, Human Body
Lo-Castro, Adriana; Benvenuto, Arianna; Galasso, Cinzia; Porfirio, Cristina; Curatolo, Paolo – Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 2010
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) constitute a class of severe neurodevelopmental conditions with complex multifactorial and heterogeneous etiology. Despite high estimates of heritability, genetic causes of ASDs remain elusive, due to a high degree of genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. So far, several "monogenic" forms of autism have been…
Descriptors: Autism, Patients, Genetic Disorders, Etiology
Al Anbar, Nebal N.; Dardennes, Roland M.; Prado-Netto, Arthur; Kaye, Kelley; Contejean, Yves – Research in Developmental Disabilities: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2010
A cross-sectional design was employed. Parents of a child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) were asked to complete a modified version of the Revised Illness-Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-RA) and answer questions about information-seeking activities and treatments used. Internal consistency, construct validity, and factor structure were assessed.…
Descriptors: Parents, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Parent Attitudes
Yu, Julie H. – Science Teacher, 2010
Gel electrophoresis is one of the most important tools used in molecular biology and has facilitated the entire field of genetic engineering by enabling the separation of nucleic acids and proteins. However, commercial electrophoresis kits can cost up to $800 for each setup, which is cost prohibitive for most classroom budgets. This article…
Descriptors: Genetics, Molecular Biology, Engineering, Cost Effectiveness
Lightbody, Amy A.; Reiss, Allan L. – Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 2009
Fragile X syndrome (FraX) remains the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability and provides a valuable model for studying gene-brain-behavior relationships. Over the past 15 years, structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have emerged with the goal of better understanding the neural pathways contributing to the…
Descriptors: Genetic Disorders, Mental Retardation, Genetics, Brain
Barsoum, Ivraym Boshra – ProQuest LLC, 2009
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is one of the universal pathways involved in animal development. This dissertation focuses on Hh role in the mammalian gonad development, which is a central part of mammalian sexual development and identity. The central dogma of mammalian sex development is that genetic sex determines the gonadal sex, which in turn…
Descriptors: Animals, Genetics, Sexuality, Physical Development
