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Immordino-Yang, Mary Helen; Darling-Hammond, Linda; Krone, Christina – Aspen Institute, 2018
This research brief explores how emotions and relationships drive learning and are a fundamental part of how our brains develop. The authors explain how emotionally safe and cognitively stimulating environments contribute to brain development; how brain development that supports learning depends on social experiences; and how sensitive periods in…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Learning Processes, Socialization, Developmental Stages
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Butler, Jill V.; Whittington, Joyce E.; Holland, Anthony J.; McAllister, Catherine J.; Goldstone, Anthony P – Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 2010
Aim: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder historically characterized by two phenotypic stages. The early phenotype in infants is associated with hypotonia, poor suck, and failure to thrive. In later childhood, PWS is associated with intellectual disability, hyperphagia, as well as growth and sex hormone deficiency. Little is known…
Descriptors: Genetic Disorders, Obesity, Body Composition, Mental Retardation
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Nijmeijer, Judith S.; Arias-Vasquez, Alejandro; Rommelse, Nanda N. J.; Altink, Marieke E.; Anney, Richard J. L.; Asherson, Philip; Banaschewski, Tobias; Buschgens, Cathelijne J. M.; Fliers, Ellen A.; Gill, Michael; Minderaa, Ruud B.; Poustka, Luise; Sergeant, Joseph A.; Buitelaar, Jan K.; Franke, Barbara; Ebstein, Richard P.; Miranda, Ana; Mulas, Fernando; Oades, Robert D.; Roeyers, Herbert; Rothenberger, Aribert; Sonuga-Barke, Edmund J. S.; Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph; Faraone, Stephen V.; Hartman, Catharina A.; Hoekstra, Pieter J. – Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2010
Objective: The genetic basis for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was addressed using a genome-wide linkage approach. Method: Participants of the International Multi-Center ADHD Genetics study comprising 1,143 probands with ADHD and 1,453 siblings were analyzed. The total and…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Siblings, Autism, Genetics
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Newbury, H. John – School Science Review, 2010
One of the striking characteristics of fundamental biological processes, such as genetic inheritance, development and primary metabolism, is the limited amount of variation in the molecules involved. Natural selective pressures act strongly on these core processes and individuals carrying mutations and producing slightly sub-optimal versions of…
Descriptors: Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Molecular Structure, Cytology
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Haresnape, Janet M. – School Science Review, 2010
These activities, prepared for key stage 5 students (ages 16-18) and also suitable for key stage 4 (ages 14-16), show that physical appearance is not necessarily the best way to classify mammals. DNA structure is examined to show how similarities and differences between DNA sequences of mammals can be used to establish evolutionary relationships.…
Descriptors: Evolution, Animals, Science Activities, Secondary School Science
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Perovic, Alexandra; Wexler, Kenneth – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2010
Purpose: To experimentally investigate knowledge of passives of actional ("hold") and psychological ("love") verbs in children with Williams syndrome (WS). Passives are usually reported to be in line with mental age in WS. However, studies usually focus on passives of actional verbs only. Method: Twenty-six children with WS, ages 6-16, and 3…
Descriptors: Genetic Disorders, Verbs, Syntax, Children
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Ardiel, Evan L.; Rankin, Catharine H. – Learning & Memory, 2010
This article reviews the literature on learning and memory in the soil-dwelling nematode "Caenorhabditis elegans." Paradigms include nonassociative learning, associative learning, and imprinting, as worms have been shown to habituate to mechanical and chemical stimuli, as well as learn the smells, tastes, temperatures, and oxygen levels that…
Descriptors: Learning, Memory, Animals, Literature Reviews
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Zars, Troy – Learning & Memory, 2010
In a dynamic environment, there is an adaptive value in the ability of animals to acquire and express memories. That both simple and complex animals can learn is therefore not surprising. How animals have solved this problem genetically and anatomically probably lies somewhere in a range between a single molecular/anatomical mechanism that applies…
Descriptors: Animals, Anatomy, Short Term Memory, Genetics
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Meaney, Michael J. – Child Development, 2010
Variations in phenotype reflect the influence of environmental conditions during development on cellular functions, including that of the genome. The recent integration of epigenetics into developmental psychobiology illustrates the processes by which environmental conditions in early life structurally alter DNA, providing a physical basis for the…
Descriptors: Genetics, Cytology, Child Development, Environmental Influences
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Price, Thomas S.; Grosser, Tilo; Plomin, Robert; Jaffee, Sara R. – Child Development, 2010
Maternal smoking during pregnancy retards fetal growth and depresses infant birth weight. The magnitude of these effects may be moderated by fetal genotype. The current study investigated maternal smoking, fetal genotype, and fetal growth in a large population sample of dizygotic twins. Maternal smoking retarded fetal growth in a dose-dependent…
Descriptors: Twins, Body Weight, Mothers, Smoking
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Smith, Mike U.; Adkison, Linda R. – Science & Education, 2010
Gericke and Hagberg (G & H, "Sci Educ" 16:849-881, 2007) recently published in this journal a thoughtful analysis of the historical progression of our understanding of the nature of the gene for use in instruction. This analysis, however, did not include the findings of the Human Genome Project (HGP), which must be included in any introductory…
Descriptors: Genetics, Student Attitudes, Teaching Methods, Science Instruction
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Kandler, Christian; Riemann, Rainer; Angleitner, Alois – Developmental Psychology, 2013
This study investigated the mean-level and individual-level trends as well as the genetic and environmental sources of rank-order continuity and change in temperament traits ("Briskness, Perseveration, Sensory Sensitivity, Emotional Reactivity, Endurance, and Activity"). We analyzed self-reports and peer ratings from 2 adult age groups…
Descriptors: Genetics, Environmental Influences, Personality Traits, Twins
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Grazioplene, Rachael G.; DeYoung, Colin G.; Rogosch, Fred A.; Cicchetti, Dante – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2013
Background: The differential susceptibility hypothesis states that some genetic variants that confer risk in adverse environments are beneficial in normal or nurturing environments. The cholinergic system is promising as a source of susceptibility genes because of its involvement in learning and neural plasticity. The cholinergic receptor gene…
Descriptors: Genetics, Personality Traits, Child Abuse, Environmental Influences
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Keraro, Fred N.; Okere, Mark I. O.; Anditi, Zephania O. – International Education Studies, 2013
This study investigated the extent to which primary and secondary school pupils believe in cultural interpretations of the biological concepts of conception, birth of twins and sex determination and the influence of education level and gender. Cross-sectional survey research design was used. The target population was Standard Seven (7th grade in…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Cultural Influences, Elementary School Students, Secondary School Students
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Campbell, Chad E.; Nehm, Ross H. – CBE - Life Sciences Education, 2013
The growing importance of genomics and bioinformatics methods and paradigms in biology has been accompanied by an explosion of new curricula and pedagogies. An important question to ask about these educational innovations is whether they are having a meaningful impact on students' knowledge, attitudes, or skills. Although assessments are…
Descriptors: Educational Research, Genetics, Biology, Information Science
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