This research memorandum highlights the collaborative efforts of the literacy panel for the ETS Return on Investment (ROI) Study, Phase 1, comprising Jean-François Rouet, M. Anne Britt, and Tobias Richter, in developing their research memorandum, "Literacy Skills at and around Level 2 of the PIAAC Cycle 2 Proficiency Scale." This…

Self-determination theory (SDT) offers a conceptual framework and practice for more successful and highly motivated university students in distance education. In the context of distance education, SDT has been examined from the perspective of students, academicians and system administrators. In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the distance…

The widespread promotion of Chinese in the world is closely linked to the training of pre-service Chinese teachers in China. Agentic engagement in pre-service Chinese teachers' training study is particularly important for their professional ability and career development. Supported by self-determination theory and social cognitive theory, this…

This mixed-methods study explored teaching strategies that teachers in Miami-Dade County schools found most effective in supporting multilingual learners (MLs). Studies have reported that in-service teachers who interact with multilingual learners lack the preparedness to support their linguistic and learning needs. This research gathered data…

Interventions to support mainstream schooling for autistic students involve multiple complex considerations. This systematic review, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses standards, aimed to describe inclusive education interventions, their outcomes, and the tools used to measure the outcomes. A total of…

Introduction: Social media has become an effective instrument to enhance adolescents' knowledge-gaining experiences, even in language acquisition. The mechanisms of interactive feedback in such sites can affect motivation and engagement, especially if looked at through the lens of Self-Determination Theory, which highlights the role of competence,…

Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at increased risk for developing secondary anxiety symptoms. While interpersonal functioning has been implicated in this comorbidity, the specific peer-related factors contributing to anxiety in youth with ADHD remain unclear. This study examined the roles of social problems,…

Background: Children with autism often face challenges in developing social-emotional skills, which are essential for their overall growth and social integration. Social robots have emerged as promising tools to support these skills; however, their effectiveness and educational applications remain uncertain, with existing research lacking…

Background: Ethical decision-making is at the core of higher education, yet case-based ethics training often lacks depth and practical judgment. This study investigates whether integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Virtual Reality (VR) enhances ethical reasoning compared with conventional training. Sixty undergraduates in business and…

The last two decades have witnessed a growing interest among scholars in exploring the conceptualization, operationalization, and measurement of second language (L2) task engagement in diverse educational settings. However, the concept is still not clearly defined and remains complex. Clarifying this complexity is crucial for developing a valid…

The rapid growth of Chinese international high schools, driven by globalization, has created a distinct student population that faces unique adaptation challenges, which frequently manifest as anxiety symptoms. Current research lacks sufficient exploration of the adaptation processes and supportive factors for this specific demographic. This study…

Despite legal protections under the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019, Indian medical curricula lack trans-affirmative competencies, skills essential for providing respectful, evidence-based care to transgender and gender-diverse individuals. This pilot curriculum development study aimed to longitudinally embed trans-affirmative…

Student engagement is a crucial determinant of both academic achievement and personal development. The use of cognitive reappraisal to regulate emotions is considered a highly effective way of improving affect and relationships as well as engagement. One of the aims of the present study was to examine the extent to which student engagement…

Background/purpose: Friendship skills among people with learning disabilities (LD) are affected by the amount of social skills they possess, which are characterized by their inability to start a conversation, ask a question, and apologize, in addition to behavioral problems associated with attention deficit, social stigma, feelings of inferiority,…

Theoretical background: Research in social virtual reality (VR) suggests that avatar customization may enhance user engagement, embodiment, and perspective-taking through increased identification and presence. These processes are considered crucial for experiential learning and the development of interpersonal competencies in simulated…