Several theoretical approaches have been offered to explain the phenomenon of reciprocity: trust-liking, social exchange, and modeling. The emphasis of previous research on self-disclosure reciprocity (descriptive reciprocation), the intimacy of the facts an individual reveals about him- or herself, stems largely from the fact that these…

The notion of particularism is used in this study to relate the choice of reciprocal action to the previous exchange situation. Initial encounters were manipulated by exposing 80 female subjects to affective and monetary outcomes provided by 2 male peers. Treatment conditions varyed in feedback level (high vs. low) and mode of interaction…

There is a need for theories of how college environments operate. Criteria for theories are proposed, with emphasis on the production of testable theoretical predictions. Three approaches appear unusually promising: role theory, organizational psychology, and social ecological analysis. The advantages of using such theoretical approaches are…

In this article the authors attempt to demonstrate how the principles of social exchange, reciprocity and distributive justice can be used to explain the development and continuation of marital dissatisfaction and conflict. (Author)

Examined equity in marriage in 400 middle-aged and older married women who described equity at eight points across their lifespan. Results suggested women begin a marriage with a sense of overbenefit, move into a period of underbenefit during their middle years, and feel fairly treated in late middle age. (JAC)

The pattern of correlates in this study suggests differential contributions of mothers and fathers to the interests of their children. Parent-child similarities were found to be influenced both by the particular Holland interest style being examined as well as by the child's sex. Revision and extension of Holland's model is suggested. (GO)

Social exchange theory is used to formulate hypotheses about superior-subordinate relations in large complex organizations. Data from self-administered questionnaires are used to support the hypotheses derived from the theoretical model and suggest the utility of further research using social exchange theory. (Author)

Suggestions for controls and restraints that need to be taught along with the three R's if education is to be meaningful for today's youth. (RB)

Experimental literature on expectancy change and performance effects of expectancy is examined and interpreted as challenging the deep pthology" concepts of the poor, and thus in turn questioning the basis of intervention programs based on these concepts. (JM)

Highlighting the growing interest in collaborative efforts, the author discusses the problems and challenges that have made cooperation necessary. He details the benefits of collaboration to higher education and to business/industry, and gives examples of local, regional, and national successes. (SK)

Small isolated theories can be restated as choice and exchange theory; in effect, incorporating them into the theory. The procedure employed is to state the implicit or explicit propositions of the small theories in ordinary language, then restate and extend them. (Author)

There are four strategies spouses may attempt to employ in cases of conflict: authority, control, influence, and manipulation. Rates of marital dissolution are a function of the relative equality between spouses in terms of the types of conflict-resolution strategies they are able to employ. (Author)

Hypotheses linking positional power in bargaining networks to evaluations of self and others were supported: (1) persons in central exchange network positions evaluate themselves as feeling more pleasant and more exhilarated; and (2) central persons impute lower status and higher positive evaluations to peripheral positions. (Author)