Seventy physicians and two nurse practitioners rated colposcopic photographs. Results showed that leaders in the field of child sexual abuse assessment made significantly more accurate assessments than pediatricians, pediatric and family practice residents, and intern physicians. Predictors of agreement with standard assessments, although weak,…

The distinction between teachers' and scholars' subject matter knowledge (SMK) is investigated. Objectivist epistemology, L. Shulman's (1986, 1987) dualism, and J. Dewey's (1929, 1933, 1938, 1964, 1966) account of SMK are assessed. There is no real dualism involved in the distinction, and all knowledge is, in varying ways, pedagogic. (TJH)

Data collected in 1988 from 113 incarcerated youth and 802 San Francisco high school students demonstrated that both groups are knowledgeable about AIDS. Youth in prison were less aware of risk-reduction measures and reported higher HIV risk behaviors, and should therefore be a primary target for prevention programs. (DM)

Adolescent students with voice disorders need information concerning the physiological, environmental, and psychosocial aspects of voice production. This paper describes a multiple-choice quiz format that has been used effectively as part of the awareness phase of vocal reeducation. (Author)

A study of 54 first-year Marshall University (West Virginia) medical students found that a preventive cardiology curriculum improved both knowledge of and attitudes about preventive cardiology in general and on all 4 subscales (epidemiological evidence, risk factor characteristics, pathophysiology, primary interventions). (Author/MSE)

This paper examines the attitudes and perceptions that adolescents have of adoption. Based on responses given by 175 high school students, the study found that adoption was the least discussed option for pregnancy resolution, and the adoption process was perceived as complicated and of questionable legality. (GLR)

School nurses attended a one-day workshop to enhance their knowledge and attitudes about human immunodeficiency virus infection in children. Pretesting and posttesting for changes in knowledge, attitudes, and practice indicated knowledge and attitudes were significantly improved at program completion, and most nurses had instituted or improved…

Using R. S. Siegler's retrieval-required task, 19 male and 22 female third graders were examined before they had been introduced to multiplication in school. Examination of error patterns suggests that the basic assumptions of the distribution-of-associations model need to be tested directly and that the retrieval-required task confounds retrieved…

When knowledge, skills, and abilities of four job classes (secretarial/clerical, managerial/administrative, professional/technical, service) were identified, 68% of those determined important for managerial/administrative were also important for secretarial/clerical. Job analysis proved useful in identifying possible career paths, and potential…

Compared five-week psychoeducational modules on substance abuse with control group modules to determine whether psychoeducational module would influence undergraduates' substance use knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Findings from 99 students revealed that only major difference between treatment and control subjects was that treatment subjects…

Presented academically low-, average-, and high-achieving fifth graders with information about animals and assigned students to one of three strategy conditions: elaborative interrogation (EI), repetition, or provided elaboration. Average- and high-achieving EI group students outperformed repetition group students on a test of their memory of the…

Describes a tension-to-learn theory of experiential learning and incorporates a motivation construct that is needed to overcome student inertia, which may restrict participation. The theory is based largely on Loewenstein's manageable gap perspective of curiosity as well as on the role that absorptive capacity plays in providing the learner's…

Evaluated a multimodal inservice training program designed to enhance the competence of foster parents caring for infants with prenatal substance effects, and to promote an intent to foster such infants. Findings suggested the future foster-parent training efforts in this area should focus on knowledge and skill attainment. (Author)

Reports on the design and trialing of a Hypercard testing procedure known as the Recognition and Testing System (RATS) that will enable mathematics teachers and researchers to generate data relating to domain knowledge representation and its access by focusing on students' knowledge of plane geometry and trigonometry. Contains 11 references.…

A study examined the level of sexual-abuse knowledge and self-protection skills in 77 female Chinese adolescents with mild mental retardation. Participants were more able to recognize inappropriate than appropriate touches and sexual requests. Also, they were inadequate in protecting themselves and had difficulty in reporting sexual abuse.…