The intention in this research was to collect instances of study skill in different situations, and to relate study activity to levels of understanding and academic performance. Also reanalyzes data described by Marton and Saljo (1976a) which led to the concepts of deep-level processing and surface processing as explanations of qualitative…

Describes an evaluation instrument for college-level introductory American government courses which measures mastery of facts covered by the course. Class lectures do not include the facts; students must learn them through readings and discussions. The instrument thus measures student knowledge gain as well as teaching effectiveness. (AV)

Reports on the development and administration of a test on understanding the nature of science for use in Pakistan. (CP)

First, notes several important non-epistemological factors that seem to be particularly relevant to the success or failure of interdisciplinary inquiry and then turns to the epistemological and methodological constrinsts on interdisciplinary work. Also expands on the notion of interpretive knowledge. (Author/AM)

Studies of a population's health attitudes, knowledge, perceived needs, and resources can be used to establish the need for scientifically sound health education, as illustrated in this Appalachian case study. (MB)

Minnesota vocational educators implemented a statewide public opinion poll to find out what people knew about vocational education and how much and what kind of information the public needs about it. Some results and how they will be used in Minnesota's vocational-technical education system are given. (MF)

A survey of residents at five training hospitals concerning the variables affecting physicians' practice behavior in treating alcoholism supported the view that alcohol-related training and experience would influence practice behavior more than attitudes or knowledge. (MSE)

Discusses results of a meta-analysis which sought to identify those variables found in research as strongly correlated with responsible environmental behavior. Variables found significant were: knowledge of issues; knowledge of action strategies; locus of control; attitudes; verbal commitment; and sense of responsibility. Proposes a model of…

Surveyed knowledge of 561 young adults concerning use and effects of various over-the-counter, prescription, and social drug products. College student respondents correctly answered, on the average, 71% of the questions on the Drug Knowledge Test, with women demonstrating somewhat greater knowledge than men. Suggests using this instrument in drug…

Original survey data dealing with the attitudes about international relations of secondary students in the metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia, area are analyzed. Student opinions were measured in three areas: (1) international interest, knowledge, and information sources; (2) international conflict and the balance of power; and (3) international…

A study was conducted to determine what positive or negative implications drug abuse education for former drug abusers had on the university sponsoring the program. Results are discussed. (DF)

This article examines current thinking about learning within the framework of cognitive psychology and how a new, cognitive conception of learning can guide future research on both learning and instruction. Similarities and differences between behavioral and cognitive conceptions of learning are discussed. (Author/LMO)

Partial knowledge was assessed in a multiple choice vocabulary test. Test reliability and concurrent validity were compared using Rasch-based dichotomous and polychotomous scoring models. Results supported the polychtomous scoring model, and moderately supported J. O'Connor's theory of vocabulary acquisition. (Author/GDC)

This article focuses on two approaches to teaching reasoning and problem solving. One emphasizes the role of domain-specific knowledge; the other emphasizes general strategic and metacognitive knowledge. Many instructional programs are based on the latter approach. The article concludes that these programs can be strengthened by focusing on domain…

The article examines characteristics and present or potential applications of expert systems technology for diagnosis and treatment of learning disabilities. Preliminary findings indicate that expert systems can perform as well as humans in specific areas, and that the process of organizing knowledge bases for expert systems helps clarify existing…