Evaluators can convey what Polanyi calls propositional knowledge by explicitly stating technical information. To express the residue left unsaid (ineffable knowledge), skillful use of anecdote, analogy and metaphor is needed. The audience must feel they have shared the evaluator's experience. (CP)

Very long-term memory for abstract materials was examined for subjects who had served in a synthetic grammar learning experiment two years earlier. Knowledge of these grammars was retained. The form and structure of knowledge and the manner in which it is put to use remained similar to the original. (Author/RD)

Defining and measuring professional obsolescence among physical educators is examined through a comparison of the current knowledge base of graduating physical education seniors and physical education practitioners. Results demonstrate a conflict between what experts think persons in the field of physical education should know and the actual…

Paragraph recall was easier if prior information, presented as elaborations of the paragraph sentences, was precise, rather than irrelevant or imprecise. Precise information also permitted quick and efficient elaboration of new information. (Author/CP)

Information is presented from results of administration of the Socio-Knowledge and Attitudes Test to 200 retarded persons aged 18 to 41 (equal sex distribution), most of whom were moderately or severely retarded. (Author/CL)

Evaluation as a discipline requires knowledge based on: empirical evidence; public verification; and usefulness in various settings and contexts. Activities which aid in accumulating this knowledge include: compliance with federal requirements; critiques and secondary data analyses; impact and use studies; comparative field studies; and…

Reviews definitions of the social studies presented by Robert D. Barr, James L. Barth, and S. Samuels Shermis in "Defining the Social Studies" (1977). Suggests that the social studies should derive its content and teaching methodologies from the social science disciplines. Journal availability: see SO 507 149. (Author/DB)

Providing more information about experimental studies than required under the ethical principles formulated by the American Psychological Association can result in data bias on a specific task; overall, however, the implementation of ethical principles has little effect on data collected in classroom settings. (RL)

Suggests that declines in newspaper penetration, lessened competition, or shifts toward getting news from television weakens people's understanding about partisan candidates. (RL)

Examines common assumptions concerning the interrelationship between power and knowledge, and considers four ways that the power/knowledge argument can go awry: power as the cause of social inequity, categorization as discrimination, reason as repression, and the system as responsible. The paper encourages greater thoughtfulness in talking about…

Surveyed 400 faculty members at a southeastern university to measure their knowledge of disability laws and of recent court decisions that affect higher education. Results indicate that most faculty members were only marginally aware of their rights and of the legal rights of students with disabilities to reasonable modifications of institutional…

Psychological and biological reasoning are intertwined yet differentiated in preschoolers' understandings of bodily processes and events. Three studies suggest that preschoolers distinguish biological phenomena from psychological ones in their causal reasoning, although their reasoning about biological phenomena is sometimes influenced by…

Examined fourth graders' tobacco attitudes, behaviors, and knowledge and investigated the validity and reliability of the survey instrument. Results indicated a positive relationship between attitude and behavior, and gender differences were significant. High numbers of students had already tried tobacco. The survey instrument was comprehensive…

Collected data on the drinking behavior of 415 pregnant adolescents over a five-year period to examine relationships between knowledge and attitudes about drinking and drinking behavior. Results indicate that knowledge about drinking was related to a decrease in drinking among drinkers during pregnancy. Other results are reported. (RJM)

It is argued that students who appear to ignore common sense and real-world knowledge in their approach to mathematics word problems in school are often behaving sensibly given the situation. The improvement of mathematics word problems for teaching will require changes in teacher beliefs and the use of modelling as an activity of organizing. (SLD)