The use of the "none of the above" (NOTA) option in test items is explored. Empirical research on use of this option is obscuring the fact that, when NOTA is the correct answer, it can reward examinees with serious knowledge deficiencies or misinformation. This option should not be used. (SLD)

John Dewey attempted to connect knowledge and reality through a naturalized epistemology but produced an anthropomorphic ontology in which things are shaped too much by the mind. Many of Dewey's ideas are still relevant, but taken as an intact set of ideas, they are not applicable to the world of today. (SLD)

Conducted ongoing study to validate and update knowledge standards for rehabilitation counseling accreditation and certification, using descriptive, ex post facto, and time-series designs and three sampling frames. Findings from 1,025 counselors who renewed their certification in 1991 revealed that 52 of 55 knowledge standards were rated as at…

Whether knowledge of cognition affects regulation of cognition was studied with 115 college students assigned to differing levels of self-monitoring ability. Results suggest that most college students possess metacognitive knowledge about their learning, although many do not use this to improve their regulation of test performance. (SLD)

Constructs a corrective learning system using the Socratic dialogue as a guide to correct mistakes in students' knowledge of subtraction. The Socratic dialog applies a dialectic method to present questions to the student and lets the student reconsider his or her own thinking. Results show that the Socratic-dialog approach is of great help to…

Presents basic information on Ritalin, a frequently prescribed stimulant medication for students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. A quiz evaluates the reader's knowledge level and is followed by an explanation of the correct answers. Also considered are pros and cons of Ritalin use, teachers' and parents' responses to the quiz, and…

Applying the feminist critique to solution-focused therapy highlights the strengths and weaknesses of this model from a feminist perspective. Although solution-focused therapy and feminist approaches share an emphasis on competence and strengths, solution-focused theory tends to overlook gender and power differences. In general, the model falls…

Evaluations of antiviolence education suggest that trying to change attitudes can cause a backlash. This study provides a knowledge-based intervention measuring knowledge of information presented, attitudes about date rape, and self-reported physical and sexual aggression involving peers. Results show that students who attended the intervention…

Investigated the relationship between children's knowledge structures for peers and externalizing behavior problems. Evaluated initial aggression level in years 1, 6, and 9 of longitudinal study; evaluated social knowledge structures in year 6. Found that knowledge structures were related to children's concurrent externalizing behavior and…

Investigated changes in graduate teacher-education students' knowledge of teaching and learning resulting from the use of personal journals. Analysis of participants' journals found that their insights became more profound as their journals progressed, and the nature and quality of thinking and reflection, as well as their influence on practice,…

Suggests that to bring about a fusion of teacher and researcher communities in education requires a change in emphasis from the generation of knowledge to dialog about what counts as knowledge. Bases the case for dialogic research on the theories of Russian literary theorist Mikhail Bakhtin. (SLD)

This Dutch study compares the behavior of staff (N=136) toward demented patients in residential homes with five expert recommendations for dealing with dementia. Results show that staff carried out the recommendations of encouraging activity, establishing effective communication, and not changing the patients' routine, but the staff tested and…

Performance-based (authentic) assessments include genuine, useful, applicable, practice-based, transferable, and demonstrable items. They include skills, knowledge, and attitudes that can be carried beyond the classroom. This paper discusses the importance of learning by doing, explains how to use performance-based assessments, and emphasizes the…

Advocates a stronger comparative emphasis in the study of educational administration and management while acknowledging comparative educational administration's weak knowledge base. Clarifies the potential import of a comparative, cross-cultural perspective embracing five societal/cultural dimensions: individualism versus collectivism, power…

This study evaluated the use of video-delivered simulations of child maltreatment as a mean of probing the personal safety knowledge of young children. It was concluded that such an approach is methodologically difficult and ethically problematic and controversial. Concerns about possible harm to participants and difficulties in obtaining…