Suggests that reading comprehension is a special case of language comprehension; considers the effect of prior knowledge and experience on recall of meanings; points to the role of "scripts" (information accumulated about a situation, word, or concept) in reading comprehension; and outlines implications for teachers. (GT)

This study measured the influence of a nutrition program on third graders and a parent program concerning nutrition and school lunch. (SA)

Eight institutionalized male juvenile delinquents participated in a 13 session course on principles and techniques of self-management. The course was conducted in the Visual Response System, a specially designed classroom in which each student responds on an overhead projector built into his desk. (Author)

Reports the development of two nutrition behavior scales (for grades 2-3 and grades 4-6) given to 3,107 students from 129 schools nationwide. Results indicated significant nutrition knowledge gaps among students and identified several groups with excess knowledge gaps. The instrument appeared appropriate for most of the U.S. population. (SM)

Examined the influence of curriculum preparation on children's content knowledge of dramatic play centers' themes, dramatic play behavior, and theme-relevant conversation during play. Found that theme familiarity may have been a critical factor. Posttest content knowledge was positively related to frequency of dramatic play. Teacher effects on…

Discusses results of the first survey of an entire English county of parents' knowledge of drugs and drug issues, embracing parents of younger as well as older children. Asserts that results establish need for more coordinated, informed, and systematic guidance to parents and a strengthened relationship between school drug programs and parents.…

This book is a significant contribution to the field of sociology of school knowledge. It looks at the historical development of the field and argues that, although this field has appealed only to a limited audience, it has the potential to reach a larger audience of scholars if an alternative research agenda could be created. (SLD)

This study evaluated a sexual abuse prevention program ("Who Do You Tell?") for elementary grade students with 117 program participants and 114 students in a wait-list control condition. Program participants increased their knowledge of both "inappropriate touch" and "appropriate touch," more than control group children. Age also differentiated…

Educational facilitation, the teaching philosophy of Boricua College, New York (New York), is described as post-modern education. With due regard for the ethnicity of the school's Latino population, educational facilitation has enabled this nontraditional college for adult students to succeed in its mission to develop the intellectual and…

The integration of assessment, learning, and instruction are discussed, focusing on the importance of students' prior knowledge. A literature review and analysis of 128 studies provide support for the assertion that assessment has an important impact on instruction and learning. Positive effects were found for progress assessment. (SLD)

Two experiments yield data suggesting that the structure of children's concept of artifact function changes profoundly between age 5 and 7, with striking effects on problem-solving performance. This effect is not caused by differences in children's knowledge about the typical use of particular tools, but rather, is mediated by the structure of the…

On the basis of data from 2 studies with counseling graduate students, the Multicultural Awareness, Knowledge, and Skills Survey--Counselor Edition was revised. The new 33-item instrument consists of 10-item Awareness, 13-item Knowledge, and 10-item Skills subscales. Evidence of reliability and validity are described. (Contains 35 references and 3…

Examined patterns of conceptual and procedural knowledge of addition in 5- to 8-year-olds. Found that children were more successful in noticing that addends had been reordered rather than decomposed and in noticing the decomposition of addends presented with objects rather than with symbols. Also found that profiles of procedural competence were…

Results of two experiments indicated that preschoolers expected adopted babies to share physical properties, but not preferences with their biological parents; and recognized that a baby who looks like and lives with a woman but who grew inside another woman's body is not the first woman's baby. (BC)

Reviews the state of the art in performance measures and assessment processes in program evaluation before the passage of the Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA), and discusses difficulties in fitting these practices into the GPRA format. Presents a simple logic model for evaluating research programs. (SLD)