Examination of the content knowledge of six experienced secondary school physics and biology teachers through observation of instructional planning indicated that the influence of the teachers' subject matter knowledge was evident in their modifications of textbook subject matter content and through their use of explanatory representations.…

Asserts that individuals are limited in knowing by the threshold of their available means of perception. Everything exists in relation to other things; a person's assumptions and methods participate in creating results he or she sees, thus social science research problems are part of a pattern of interaction. Advocates isolating not entities, but…

Assessed the effectiveness of two types of messages in improving nutrition knowledge, food shopping practices, and dietary intakes. The messages were: (1) sender-oriented, based on socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of mothers; and (2) receiver-oriented, based on specific nutrition orientations. Results show that the first type of…

Presents findings of a survey concerned with the civic education preparation of future teachers. Concludes that a large percentage of students in teaching credential programs have insufficient knowledge of subject matter connected with civic education and Constitutionalism. Includes data charts, a sample survey, and suggested actions to remedy the…

Investigated adjustment to insulin-treated diabetes among 20 adult patients and spouses. Found illness-related perceptions of patients and spouses were positively correlated and discrepancies decreased with increasing duration of marriage after diagnosis. Marital satisfaction of spouses was negatively related to knowledge about diabetes,…

Results of a study of six novice teachers' self-reported knowledge aquisition suggests that coursework and field experience offer distinct opportunities for learning about teaching. The study is reported and discussed. The novice teachers' comments are excerpted throughout the article. (JL)

The ecological knowledge of university students was analyzed under psychological and educational aspects via a computer simulation, an environmental game consisting of a variant of the Commons Dilemma, and a computerized text base on an actual environmental problem. Conditions impairing acquisition and use of ecological knowledge were discovered.…

Describes hypertext, a significantly different form of data retrieval, and gives an example of how it might be used in computer-based training. Hypertext software is discussed, including TextPro and KnowledgePro; the relationship between hypertext and expert systems is explored; and a hypertext document, PC-Hypertext, is described. (LRW)

Explores the introduction of grade criteria into the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) examination as an effort to make clearer the competency and knowledge levels expected of examination candidates in Great Britain. Concludes by exploring problems with this concept and by calling for further clarification of the purpose for this…

This article compares the effects of sexuality education programs with the results of other educational programs and discusses why sex education programs may increase knowledge but may not effectively change behavior. Reasons to offer sexuality education are discussed. (Author/MT)

Investigated relationships among parenting knowledge, quality of stimulation in the home environment, and infant developmental performance in three socioeconomic status groups. In low socioeconomic status families, parenting knowledge was significantly associated with quality of stimulation in the home environment, which in turn was significantly…

Job-naive raters provided with job descriptive information made Position Analysis Questionnaire (PAQ) ratings which were validated against ratings of job analysts who were also job content experts. None of the reduced job descriptive information conditions enabled job-naive raters to obtain either acceptable levels of convergent validity with…

The reading comprehension of hyperlexic children, mentally retarded children who can read aloud written words better than one would expect from their Mental Age, was investigated in four experiments involving both autistic and nonautistic children. (Author/NH)

Investigates, using eight scenarios, children making inferences about memory from incomplete knowledge and children varying in what they judge as relevant information in their schema. Showed that older children are less likely than younger ones to invoke an inferential schema when making memory judgements. (Author/BB)

Evidence suggests that single-sex groups for science, whether in mixed schools or in single-sex schools, do not improve the attainment of girls in first-year science. Boys are shown to perform equally well upon knowledge-based tests; but upon mechanical reasoning and evaluation of data tests, boys perform significantly better than girls. (Author)