This cross-sectional study investigated the use of four verbal indices of social knowledge (personal pronouns, verb conjugations, people words and mental state language) and their concurrent relations in a sample of 287 Italian-speaking children between 18 and 36 months. Results showed that the production of all indices increased with age. Mental…

Teachers' attitudes towards children's languages and culture have been shown to be instrumental in children's developing self-esteem and academic achievement. Attitudes and the frequently attendant local policies about languages beyond English (LBE) in schools therefore need to be clear for children, as negative or contradictory discourses can…

In 1937, Soviet Koreans from the Far East were forcibly relocated by Stalin to Central Asia. This narrative of expulsion and deportation is used to explain the residence of Koreans in present-day Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and the Kyrgyz Republic. First, this article maps out the historical backdrop that has broadly shaped the Kazakhstani Korean…

This study explores the different uses of the word "little," its equivalents in Spanish and its teaching to young Spanish learners. First, it aims at analyzing the lexico-grammatical behavior of "little" in a corpus of children's short stories, where its prevailing use, preceding countable nouns, has been found to be much more…

This study investigates the role of peer interaction (PI) and peer corrective feedback (PCF) in developing EFL learners' grammatical competence regarding simple past tense. It is based on training university-level English preparatory class students in Turkey to interact with their peers and give oral corrective feedback to each other's target…

As an officially trilingual special administrative region of China and an economic powerhouse in Asia, Hong Kong has invested heavily in dual language schools that emphasize learning English alongside of Cantonese or Mandarin at all levels of education. Little research has explored how learning and language use takes shape within these schools,…

Fostering and maintaining students' interest in science is an important aspect of improving science learning. The focus of this paper is to listen to and reflect on students' voices regarding the sources of motivation for science subjects among students in community secondary schools with contextual challenges in Tanzania. We conducted a…

Global efforts for standards-based linguistic assessment increasingly hold that examinees should be tested in the language with which they are most familiar. Yet, language use still occurs differently from its characterization in exams, even as exams are increasingly developed in historically minoritized languages. Drawing from two years of…

The purpose of this study was to create and prototype a dual language assessment task that allows young English learners to use their entire cadre of linguistic resources (language and non-verbal resources) to obtain information about their emergent language abilities. We developed a dual language assessment task in which students described a…

This corpus-based study provides a baseline of complex word usage patterns in the spontaneous speech of English preschool children to ascertain the characteristics of their derivative vocabulary before literacy development affects language skills. Frequencies of suffixed derivatives produced by (N = 243) children aged 2-5 and their caregivers were…

Despite vociferous calls for judicious use of learners' mother tongue over the past few decades, deciding on the right amount has still remained a challenge for many teachers. This article reports on the results of a survey drawing upon the views of 110 Iranian EFL teachers about eight perceived functions of L1 (Persian) in young English learners'…

This paper presents protests from academically successful students who privately conveyed to the researchers their feelings of personal discontent with schools. The criterion to select this "sample" was that these students, dissatisfied with school but having good marks, would reveal what others, academically less successful, could not…

This study describes multilingual students' authentic use of their first and second languages in a "translanguaging science classroom," from a sociocultural perspective. The study is ethnographic, and has followed some lessons each month in a translanguaging science classroom at a primary school for three years. The observed lessons were…

The present study examines language impact on anxiety in at-risk children deprived of parental care. Bulgarian children without parents (n=40) divided into 3 age groups (aged 7-10; aged 11-14; and aged 15-17) embed intervention accomplished by four volunteers using four interaction strategies: normal voice and positive language; high tone and…

In terms of foundational considerations, SPSP-CDA should be clearly defined, even if provisionally, and the need for it, justified. Building on Doyle's original coinage of the term (2017), SPSP-CDA is an ongoing process-and-results oriented curriculum and leadership development activism in humanities-based Spanish language and cultural pedagogy on…