Virtual Reality (VR) has been utilized in foreign language education for over 50 years, and it has gone through four distinct stages in foreign language education: Two-dimensional (2D) text-based VR, three-dimensional (3D) desktop-based VR, 3D HMD-based VR, and AI-enhanced 3D HMD-based VR. Drawing on relevant studies and examples, this article…

The research aims to provide a comparative analysis and highlight the main challenges in creating a lifelong learning system in four countries of Central Asia: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. To realize the research goal, the authors used various methods and approaches, including quantitative and qualitative descriptive…

Drawing on the perspective of Bourdieu's field theory, this phenomenological study examined the professional state and challenges of six mid-career EFL (English as a foreign language) teacher educators in a regional comprehensive university in China. One-to-one semi-structured interviews were utilized to collect data. It was found that the…

Culturally Responsive Pedagogy (CRP) has gained global significance at all levels of teaching and learning. Most of the studies on CRP are concentrated on higher levels of education. This study investigates the perceptions of high school teachers on the significant role of culturally responsive pedagogy in teaching English and employs the…

Student plagiarism presents a serious challenge for higher academic institutions globally. This issue is particularly prevalent in developing countries like Bangladesh, where a lack of ethical academic policies and limited awareness of plagiarism impede efforts to effectively combat academic misconduct. Against this backdrop, this paper…

Key Findings: This study identifies a strong positive relationship between digital literacy and language proficiency, highlighting how technological competence enhances motivation, engagement and PL, leading to improved language learning outcomes. Purpose: This research explores the connection between digital literacy and language proficiency,…

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that attacks the central nervous system and has several subtypes. The disease pathophysiology includes damage to the myelin in the brain and spinal cord, manifesting in a wide range of neurological symptoms and impacting patients' physical, psychological, social, and communication…

Multimodal composing activities invite language learners to draw upon distinct potentials of diverse modes of representation to make and remake signs for communication. Despite increased interest in incorporating multimodal composing activities in language classrooms, we do not yet have an in-depth understanding of the process of remaking signs…

Language teacher immunity, as a coping mechanism for managing professional tensions and stressors, has gained increasing relevance due to the growing integration of technology in the classroom, which presents teachers with new and complex challenges. This qualitative case study explores the impact of integrating technology tools on three…

The purpose of this paper is to analyze two students as partners (SaP) collaboration experiences and identify transformations of four undergraduate students and faculty who partnered to enhance an English as a second language (ESL) course taught at a Sinoforeign university. This paper utilized qualitative exploratory research with a pre-post…

The relationship between academic stress and compulsive smartphone use among college students has been extensively studied, yet empirical findings remain inconsistent and inconclusive. Moreover, potential moderating factors affecting this relationship have received limited scholarly attention. This study addresses these research gaps by examining…

Although the distinction between explicit and implicit (automatized) knowledge of second or foreign language (L2) is of crucial importance to second language acquisition (SLA) theory and research, it has thus far not been directly applied to L2 pronunciation. The paper attempts to fill this gap by making an initial attempt to illustrate the…

Eye-tracking studies tested the understanding of two types of speech acts (questions and assertions) in 14-, 18-, and 30-month-olds (N = 280; 149 females; ethnicity data collection forbidden, testing in 2021-2024). Experiments involved objects either hidden or visible for a speaker. By 14 months, when the speaker asked questions, infants focused…

This study examined the impact of positive classroom management techniques on language learners' academic buoyancy, engagement, psychological well-being and language achievement. Grounded in the theoretical framework of positive psychology, the research adopted a concurrent mixed-methods design, combining qualitative interviews with quantitative…

This conceptual article discusses language ideologies in the context of white standardized English hegemony by critically examining historical and contemporary perspectives on U.S. language policy across the intersection of race and language. Its primary goal is to promote equitable multilingualism in literacy education in the United States.…