Unprecedented increases in child exposure to diverse videos has resulted in a need to understand how children process videos. While children show distinct activations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) when presented with children's movies, multiple factors influence child neural response to screen media, namely, presence of a specific parent, gender…

As an educator, and a student myself, I believe that the current system of graded assessments used ubiquitously in education systems worldwide is quite flawed. Although certain issues arise in its implementation, a suitable alternative might be to consider gradeless assessments. Thus, rather than completely advocating for a change in the way…

The forced-choice (FC) item formats used for noncognitive tests typically develop a set of response options that measure different traits and instruct respondents to make judgments among these options in terms of their preference to control the response biases that are commonly observed in normative tests. Diagnostic classification models (DCMs)…

Maintaining student engagement in online and recorded lectures is a challenging aspect of higher education. In light of this, active learning through in-lecture question activities was investigated using a pre-teaching focus group (n = 12) and student evaluations (n = 43) after an in-class trial. Data analysis was underpinned by flow theory, which…

Video recordings have been used in pre-service teacher preparation programs to facilitate greater self-reflection through pre-service teachers' observation of their own and their peers' microteaching. Few studies have, however, examined the perceptions of pre-service teachers regarding the use of peer feedback reaction videos on their…

Teachers experience and express various emotions of different qualities and intensities. They also adopt emotion regulation strategies to increase teaching effectiveness and maintain professionalism. Previous reviews of teachers' emotion regulation have focused on their emotional labor (i.e., deep and surface acting)--a subdimension of emotion…

Feedback is considered of great relevance for supporting student learning. It is therefore the focus of a significant body of theoretical work and is included in many observation frameworks for measuring teaching quality. However, little is currently known about the extent to which the theoretical and empirical knowledge of feedback from the…

The method of web probing integrates cognitive interviewing techniques into web surveys and is increasingly used to evaluate survey questions. In a usual web probing scenario, probes are administered immediately after the question to be tested (concurrent probing), typically as open-ended questions. A second possibility of administering probes is…

The autoclitic is among the least studied and most complex verbal operant named and described by Skinner. The descriptive autoclitic is one subtype, which among other functions can describe the strength of the response. If the clarity of the stimulus is one source of response strength for tacts, manipulating stimulus clarity should evoke different…

In the process of learning, assessment is relevant from multiple perspectives. Learning assessment guides student learning and teaching either knowingly or unconsciously. This study takes a closer look at the meanings given to online assessment by academic adult students and how they experience different assessment feedback. The study was…

The current study provides the first investigation on the attitudes of Middle Eastern individuals on the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Most prior studies on individuals' attitudes towards the Russia-Ukraine conflict were conducted on social media data (mostly Twitter, Facebook now known as X). Importantly, most of these studies often using sentimental…

Questionnaire designers are encouraged to write questions as complete sentences. In self-administered surveys, incomplete question stems may reduce visual clutter but may also increase burden when respondents need to scan the response options to fully complete the question. We experimentally examine the effects of three categories of incomplete…

The increasing interest in theory and practice towards enhancing student agency and independence in learning has led to the introduction of feedback literacy. While the topic of feedback literacy has started to gain traction in the literature, published data regarding this topic are still limited, particularly those that applied a bibliometric…

Test-based accountability offers schools limited guidance on informing sustained reforms, whereas on-site school evaluations provide broader and more nuanced evidence. In order to transform inspection feedback into long-term reforms, school leaders' attitudes towards these evaluations are critical. Relying on organizational change theory, this…

The inclusion of private events in the philosophy of our science is integral to avoid dualism and remain objective rather than making assumptions about an unseen mind. However, the inclusion of behaviors and stimuli which cannot be observed in an analysis poses obvious issues. One established method of studying covert behavior is to examine tasks…