This review examines published research on small-group development done in the last ten years that would constitute an empirical test of Tuckman's hypothesis that groups go through the stages of "forming,""storming,""norming," and "performing." A fifth stage, "adjourning," was added to the…

Identifies series of predictable stages through which small groups progress: pre-affiliation, power and control, intimacy, differentiation, and separation. Shows application of group development for each area as group passes through various stages. Outlines model for each area summarizing group interaction and instructor roles for each stage. (NEC)

Traditions of shared governance and the complexity of problems faced by colleges and universities suggest the need for effective collective action. This study examined leadership teams in two sites: a new 2-year public institution formed by merger and a new 4-year private institution. Research hypotheses were developed from the perspective of…

This paper discusses the authors' experiences with organizing and running groups for clients in career transition, whether that be a completely new career or a job search. One key to successful groups is organization, especially finding the right mix of members. They can have similar or different goals, but must be well matched for ego-strength.…

A study of thirty academic departments in fifteen universities examined the relationships of the functional prerequisites to personal need satisfactions. The findings raised questions about the relationship between organizational achievement and personal satisfaction in the academic department. (Author/JB)

A model for treating delinquents is proposed in which traditional community agencies would integrate small numbers of delinquents into groups of prosocial children. This innovation would reduce the adverse effects of labeling and peer-group composition, among others, without interfering significantly with the agencies' operations. (Author)

This laboratory experiment tested a flat organization structure with few levels of administration, against a tall structure to determine their effects on group performance. (LN)

Psychological and educational measurement is carried out according to the type of model used and data collected. The H entropy which shows the dispersion of the data can be divided into intragroup and intergroup entropy. Choice of colors, sociometrical choice, and the communications are three situations where this resolution can be applied. (MF)

Classifies organizational theories, by analytical level and assumptions about human nature, into four perspectives (system-structural, strategic choice, natural selection, collective action), each with different concepts of organizational structure, behavior, change, and managerial roles. Identifies six debates generated among the perspectives and…

Provides an overview of essential aspects of starting and maintaining a counseling group for suicidal individuals. Considers group purpose, member and therapist selection, therapeutic style, group size, length of treatment, areas of difficulty, and areas for discussion. (Author/MCF)

Successful team building depends on the presence of four fundamental concepts of group behavior: (1) shared knowledge, vocabulary, and level of sophistication; (2) shared territory; (3) similar status; and (4) shared access to communications networks. (SK)

All groups have the same amount of structure. There are basically six elements of group structure. They are membership, members, and leaders; physical structure, group quarters, and member arrangements; time; activities; norms and interaction patterns; and purposes, goals, and objectives. The article explores these components. (Author/CMG)

The opening session of a group presents special problems for the group leader. Focuses on structured activities which can serve to reduce these early negative reactions and promote feelings of security, identity, and belongingness in the group members. (Author)