This paper deals with several of the commonly stated ethical issues in behavior modification: (1) the dichotomy between symptoms and underlying causes; (2) symptom substitution; (3 certain behavior modification techniques such as electric shock, physical restraint, and deprivation; (4) the counselor-client relationship; and (5) principles of…

Investigates the influence on ego's attitudes toward his familial roles of husband and father and his nonfamilial role of student by the validation of those roles by his significant others. (Author)

Interview data from 800 middle-aged and elderly urban residents reveal that while only a minority report cross-sex friends, they constitute a significant segment of the interpersonal resources of a number of adults. (Author)

Two experiments investigated whether adolescents who are considered persistently anti-social by their teachers are generally inferior in acquiring avoidance behavior. (DP)

Recent research has shown that aversive behavioral consequences affect the magnitude of dissonance reduction. The present experiment was conducted to help clarify the meaning of an average consequence. (Editor)

Study results indicate that sex of experimenter appears to be an important factor in conservation assessment at the lower elementary level. (DP)

The research examines the hypothesis that predictive validity will be greater for a test given under stress instructions than for a test given under relax instructions. (Author)

The author cites examples of exploitation of the Black Community by researchers and proposes strategies for its elimination. (RWP)

A random sample of university students was interviewed concerning illicit psychotropic drug use and administered the Personality Research Form. Univariate and multivariate analyses strongly supported the hypothesis that nonusers, moderate users, and heavy users of illicit drugs differ in personality characteristics. (Author)

A question and answer interview with Dr. Robert Selman gives an idea of some of the research developments in the field of human development. (GB)

This article relates systematic causality to applications in behavior theory, counseling practice, and counseling research. The paper was presented at the American Educational Research Association Convention, Chicago, 1972. (JC)

A review of current issues in the literature discloses the increasing prominence of multivariate analysis and a reconsideration and adjustment of traditional personnel practices. (WM)

By extending Fiedler's conception of leader orientation, it was hypothesized that groups led by trainers oriented toward the group members most liked by their group are more effective-in terms of member satisfaction and achievement of group goals-than group trainers oriented toward least-liked members of their group. This hypothesis was tested by…

Seventh-grade boys were assessed for moral judgment with the Kohlberg interview technique; role taking, stage misture, intelligence, socioeconomic status, and social desirability were also assessed. Half were assigned to moral reasoning one stage above initial stage. Subjects at the preconventional level shifted upward more than subjects at the…

A series of urban and highway litter experiments in Richmond (Virginia), St. Louis, and Philadelphia indicated well-designed litter cans reduced littering about 15 percent along city streets and nearly 30 percent along highways. Also, the propensity to litter is critically affected by the characteristics of the individual and environmental…