Control of environments in which problem behaviors in mother-child interactions take place appears necessary if reliable measurement of those behaviors is to result. Investigation of situational variables should advance the behavior modification technology in general. One methodological approach towards such control is presented. It focuses on…

Pearson's unrestricted chi-square procedure is reviewed, and an historical presentation of Neyman's restricted chi-square test is introduced with a discussion of its theory and applicability to education. An example of the Neyman procedure is discussed in detail to familiarize researchers with this useful technique for analyzing contingency…

The primary tasks of intervention activity are introduced in Chapter 1. In Chapter 2, the conditions necessary to develop the competence of any social system are explored. In Chapter 3 the probabilities that client systems will tend to manifest these conditions are examined, and in Chapter 4 it is shown that the research methods used by an…

The study compared the efficacy of proclamation, contracting, and contingent teacher approval in modifying the classroom behavior of 5 Negro adolescents. Proclamation consisted of a written statement of reward and punishment contingencies (points gained or lost) under which the class was operating, whereas the contracting phase permitted students…

The problem under investigation in this report was the low achievement level of some students in the ESEA Title I Schools in Kansas City, Missouri. It was felt that part of this low achievement was due to a negative feeling among some teachers regarding the ability of the children to achieve. Kansas City mental health professionals and educators…

Jackson and Messick present the beginning of a broad theory of creativity which includes four sets of properties by which outcomes of creative processes can be judged. The properties are unusualness, appropriateness, ability to transform the constraints of reality, and ability to condense meaning. Current tests for creativity generally emphasize…

This study deals with the interaction between social influence technique and locus of control, internal or external to oneself, on attitude change. In a persuasive communication situation, where effectiveness depends on the receiver feelings controlled and subject to influence from outside sources, externals ought to show more attitude change than…

This study is part of a program designed to attempt identification of dissonance through components of electrophysiological instrumentation, for measuring and presenting to a person some of his own unconscious dissonance, of which he is normally unaware. Using college students as subjects, the authors used attitude ratings on values to attempt to…

The author reports the results of a study based on an assumption that there might be an association of certain acoustic variables with the telling of lies. Twenty subjects were asked to perform two tasks, each involving four short oral responses, one of which was a lie. The responses were subjected to spectrographic analysis, and the task of the…

After discussing the nature of theory itself, the author explains her concept of the Unified Communication Theory, which rests on the assumption that there exists in all living structures a potential communication factor which is delimited by species and ontogeny. An organism develops "symbol fixation" at the level where its perceptual abilities…

This study demonstrated reinforcement control over pronounced feminine behaviors in a male child who had been psychologically evaluated as manifesting "childhood cross-gender identity." Reinforcement control over cross-gender behavior was demonstrated by identifying some behavioral treatment conditions under which feminine behaviors could be…

Cognizant of certain recurring characteristics of emotional maladjustment, the author hypothesized (1) that no significant differences would be found between characteristics of emotional maladjustment related to reading disability and characteristics observed in a group of retarded readers and (2) that there would be no significant differences…

Planning, programing, budgeting is an approach to rationalizing budgeting and strengthening analysis as a policy change and planning tool. Organizational development applies behavioral science research to organization to enhance the commitment and involvement of personnel for smoother and more effective system function. It is argued that…

Two distinct anxiety factors, labeled trait anxiety and state anxiety, were identified. The trait anxiety factor was interpreted as measuring stable individual differences while the state anxiety factor defined a transitory state of the organism that varied over time. A trait-state conception of anxiety was then proposed that specified the…

This paper discusses the behavioral science approach to speech communication education. The focus of a fundamentals course in communication processes is based upon receiver activity. Studying people as receivers and senders of messages includes emphasis on: (1) intra-personal communication--the individual and his/her internalization of his/her…