Large-sample item response data for the 10-item Paper Folding worksample 622 (N=2,749) and for five new experimental paper folding items (N=2,514) are analyzed with the logistic item response model and with full-information item factor analysis. The main results of the unidimensional analysis are that: (1) item discrimination is heterogeneous, so…

The report addresses the question of the structure of cognitive abilities, i.e., how many different abilities should be identified and the relations between abilities. Models suggested by Spearman, Thurstone, Guilford, Vernon, Cattell-Horn and others are reviewed. By combining features of the Vernon and Cattell-Horn models it is possible to…

An internal cognitive variable--mental imagery representation--was studied using a set of three information-processing strategies under external stimulus visual display conditions for various learning levels. The copy strategy provided verbal and visual dual-coding and required formation of a vivid mental image. The relational strategy combined…

Investigates the effect of instructional strategy and relevant drawings on a task requiring the processing of verbal information rather than direct recall. (Author/DEP)

An historical review of definitions of visual literacy is summarized by the statement, "the transmission of meaning visually is what visual literacy is all about." To be visually literate is to be able to gain meaning from what we see and to be able to communicate meaning to others through the images we create. Three assumptions, taken from the…

Since imagery is a unidimensional variable, all measures of imagery, both questionnaires and behavioral, should be correlated; this, however, has not been supported by earlier research. Therefore, a new questionnaire on mental imagery--the Differential Imagery Questionnaire (DIQ)--was developed which taps four types of imagery: word imagery (WI);…

An investigation was made of the ways in which good readers (scoring at or above grade level on word attack and comprehension), difference-poor readers (scoring at or above grade level on word attack but below grade level on comprehension), and deficit-poor readers (scoring below grade level on word attack and comprehension) differ in their use of…

Results are reported of a study to determine the influence of certain demographic variables on an individual's accuracy in cognitive mapping. Cognitive mapping refers to the way in which humans orient themselves in space through the use of imaginary maps of the physical world. Demographic variables measured were income, occupation, marital status,…

Eighty-nine college students with varying levels of divergent thinking aptitude participated in a study focusing on the processing of concrete and abstract stimuli. The subjects were administered three divergent thinking instruments. Their processing of concrete and abstract stimuli was studied in two separate free-response tasks. It was…

The auditory/verbal short-term memory of 64 college students was examined across a wide range of retention intervals (5 seconds to 60 seconds). High attention during interpolated processing was ensured by monitoring rehearsal with a combination of methods, and errors were analyzed for evidence of proactive and intra-unit interference. Recall of…

In the last twenty years, a growing body of empirical research has re-established mantal imagery as an important part of current cognitive theory. This paper describes research attempting to determine the relationship between mental imagery, reading comprehension, and reading attitude. One hundred twenty-four Wisconsin eleventh and twelfth grade…

The second phase of a project designed to further analyze the factors contributing to the task difficulty in Naval jobs and to determine the optimum training methods for these jobs is reported. A telephone survey of experts attempted to gather data regarding task difficulty. The results of the survey were inconclusive. As a result of the problems…

In this study 60 first and fourth graders selected pictures that best represented the meanings of sentences read to them. Results indicated that children were instantiating the target words with specific concepts rather than bringing to mind abstract, undifferentiated meanings. (HOD)

Sought to compare the visual imagery (i.e., the drawings) and the metaphorical statements (i.e., the words used to describe the pictures) of coping and noncoping children to ascertain whether the pictures and words of coping children reflect emotional health, whereas those of noncoping children signify inner turmoil. (ABB)