A counseling analogue study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of a method for changing clients' self-perceptions in an interview. Based on causal attribution theory, an interview procedure was designed to systematically control behavioral information assumed to be utilized by individuals in inductively arriving at views of their…

Eighty-eight males and females participated in one of three affect inducing conditions which involved reading neutral, depression, or elation statements. Subjects in the depression condition, in contrast to the elation group, reported themselves to be more depressed, anxious, and hostile, were less expansive in graphic expression and less likely…

This review brings together some general findings on empathy that have emerged during the last decade of research with children. From a recent review of the research on social cognitive development (Schantz, in press), this paper responds to three specific questions: (1) What is empathy? (2) Under what conditions is empathy likely to occur? and…

This paper reflects an attempt to chronicle the events, articles, and hearings which concerned the application of behavior technology in adult prison systems between January 1, 1973 and November 1, 1974. The events of this time period are viewed by the author as demanding the attention of behavior therapists, legislators, correctional officials,…

The authors discuss several studies all of which demonstrate that duration of self-disclosure is a reliable component of the interpersonal process. They review other aspects of self-disclosure including that: (1) the act of revealing is not rewarding per se but can lead to rewards depending on the interpersonal nature of the situation; (2)…

This document presents brief reports on the empirical findings which have emerged or are emerging from over a dozen individual investigations in the field of behavioral counseling. Two distinct but related research strands have emerged. Within the first category which concerns the training process, per se, specific topics include an experimental…

This study examines four hypotheses concerning the nature of fear of success (FOS). Data were gathered in two stages. First, respondents in a large sample survey of metropolitan Detroit area residents were asked to tell a Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) story. In the second stage, white currently-married females aged 18 to 56 whose households…

This study undertook to reconcile the views of cognitive and behavioral learning theorists on the issue whether learning without awareness (LWA) is possible, and if so, the circumstances under which it occurs. In Study One, two reinforcement procedures were compared in a structured verbal conditioning task. Study Two was a replication of Study…

In 1968-69 the American Institute for Research in the Behavioral Sciences, under contract to the United States Office of Education, reviewed compensatory education projects across the country. A total of thirty-one were identified as among the most successful. By summarizing each of these 31 projects briefly, this publication enables readers to…

The authors seek to show the potentiality of research organizations for the achievement of basic university goals, and to isolate the conditions that impede or promote the success of these integrative agencies. In addition, they examine the role of the managerial scholars who are in the positions of leadership since they believe this role is vital…

This study investigated the emotional effects of various treatment conditions on children starting nursery school. Subjects were 108 children, predominantly middle class, 3 1/2 to 5 years old. Treatment conditions were analyzed according to (1) previsit to school vs. no previsit, (2) mother present vs. mother absent, (3) peer group experiences vs.…

The emotional states of an adult male American speaker, as reflected in 30 utterances, were evaluated by 12 subjects on nine 7-point semantic differential scales. The subjects also evaluated the utterances on similar scales for pitch, loudness, and speed. Significant correlations were found between some acoustic variables and the judgments of some…

The purpose of this project was to assess the degree to which the most popular method of calculating reliability of interval data, the I-I method, served the author's scientific purposes. Data were collected and analyses performed to assess the adequacy of I-I reliability scores in serving three functions: (1) as an index of how precise, clear,…

This report describes the longitudinal research conducted in an early intervention program since 1966. The program is characterized by the use of paraprofessionals serving as home visitors and parent educators. Data collection has included measures of children's behavior and development, parent-child interactions, and parent variables such as…

The question of whether violence depicted on television causes viewers to act aggressively is meaningless because it implies a simple "yes" or "no" response. Effects of mass media depend on the types of viewers and content as well as the conditions of message reception. Television violence can affect the behavior of children on some occasions.…