The objective of the present study was to explore whether the concepts of immediate and delayed reward have any relevance to the content of the mewspaper. In his theory of instrumental and expressive activities, Himmelstrand suggests that instrumental activities tend to have a cumulative structure while expressive activities will have a…

An important area for communication researchers has been the relationship between persuasive messages and their impact on attitudes, beliefs, and behavior. A model is presented to clarify the relationship between persuasive messages and attitudes. In an effort to establish the validity of the model, six hypotheses are set forth concerning the…

This paper applied findings from studies using the kind of viewing measures used by social scientists, to the relationship between programing and viewership when viewership is measured by means used by producers. Total aggregate viewership and the relationship of viewers' ages to viewership was concentrated on. Effects of competing programs on…

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of both sex of subject and sex of partner with respect to a wide variety of nonverbal behaviors. The subjects were 44 men and 44 women graduate professional students at the University of Chicago. The behaviors were coded from videotapes of 88 dyadic conversations where each subject participated in…

There are two problems with the research on the prediction of achievement in applied communication courses: substantial predictor variables have not been isolated; and theoretical explanation of results have not been developed. The present investigation developed an achievement hypothesis based on similarity-attraction theory. It was predicted…

This monograph is one of a continuing series initiated to provide materials for teachers, parents, school administrators, and governmental decision-makers that might encourage reexamination of a range of evaluation issues and perspectives about schools and schooling. This monograph is a description and analysis of two contrasting paradigms: one…

Psychological testing as an area has perhaps evoked more controversy and heated emotion than has any other area within the fields of psychology and counseling. Part of the reason for this has to do with the inherent complexity and difficulty of the task of assessing human abilities, emotions and achievements. But beyond this basic issue, an…

Based on a review of relevant literature, a report was prepared which examines the impact of viewing violence on television on the social behavior of the viewer. An introduction discusses a definition of violence and proposes reasons why violence may appeal to viewers. The remainder of the text examines three major research questions: (l) the…

This research assesses reactions to Saturday morning television advertising by four to twelve year old children and their mothers and examines young viewers' naturalistic learning of facts, attitudes, and behavior from commercials. An omnibus questionnaire was administered to 738 children. Interviews were conducted with 301 randomly selected…

There is growing interest in the use of anthropological (also called qualitative, phenomenological, or ethnographic) techniques in educational research. Because ethnographic methodology differs significantly from the research approaches more commonly used in education, its rationale, its data collection processes, and the nature of its findings…

Adjustment to retirement from gainful employment has long been recognized as one of the major adaptive tasks of later life. The degree to which this adjustment is successful often plays a major role in determining the extent to which an individual finds his later years satisfying and rewarding. In a complex technical society retirement does not…

Investigations of cultural values and their impact on human relations are probably the most important part of the intercultural communication studies being established in several universities in the United States and other countries. This paper discusses the concept of value, defined as the guiding light which directs a person's actions, and lists…

This book contains the formal presentations and discussions of a public forum organized by the National Academy of Sciences and held in February 1975. The topics discussed include informed consent by the research subject based on a full explanation of what will be done, the workings of the process, and the potential risks and benefits; research on…

The hypothesis that individual differences in psychological differentiation are related to the perceptions of the independence of leadership behaviors was tested. After viewing a supervisor-subordinate interaction sequence on closed circuit television tape, subjects responded to questionnaires measuring their perception/judgments of the…

This document discusses research in the context of four basic issues in the area of crowding and personal space. The research upon which the author draws is from a series of three laboratory studies of the effects of manning levels on group experiences, performance, and verbal interaction. In these studies, groups of male college students worked…