Background: Mapping fraction symbols to magnitudes is easier for students to master than comparing fraction magnitudes. Fraction mapping assesses students' understanding of part-whole interpretations of fractions; fractions represent the parts of an object or set of objects. Fraction comparison assesses students' understanding of measurement…

The aim of this research was to conduct a review of studies using four-tier tests to detect misconceptions in physics education. Fifty-eight studies whose main purpose was to develop a four-tier misconception test and eleven studies whose purpose was to determine learners' misconceptions using a four-tier diagnostic test without test development…

Students possess informal, intuitive ways of reasoning about the world, including biological phenomena. Although useful in some cases, intuitive reasoning can also lead to the development of scientifically inaccurate ideas that conflict with central concepts taught in formal biology education settings, including evolution. Using antibiotic…

As artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly being adopted and used in society, it is imperative that teachers feel supported to integrate AI and computer science (CS) into their coursework. To help support teachers to integrate CS and AI into their instruction, we designed and developed an innovative AI curriculum, Shark AI, for in-service science…

With the 2025 executive order, "Ending Radical Indoctrination in K-12 Schooling," the Trump administration reestablished the 1776 Commission, which produced "The 1776 Report." This article argues that this report, which is an unsubtle response to The 1619 Project, reveals how White Christian Nationalists wish to mandate that a…

Background or Context: Culturally responsive instruction (CRI) has garnered significant attention in local and state policy in recent years amid politicization of what is taught in schools, and the scholarly field is increasingly focused on how to develop culturally responsive "schools" and "systems," not just culturally…

Traditional methods of teaching differentiation calculus usually involve lectures. Nevertheless, this process impedes students' thorough comprehension of concepts and their practical application by promoting dependence on memorisation and procedural learning. Numerous studies have also denoted that teaching experiments and technology can enhance…

This report presents findings from data collected through the Reality Now program, providing a long-term study exploring tobacco and vaping behaviours among Australian secondary school students. Conducted from 2018 to 2024, the program collected nearly 30,000 responses from students in Years 7 to 11. Using a social norms approach (SNA), the…

Estimating astronomical scales requires multiple complex mental processes, such as spatial thinking and interpreting large numbers. As such, it is a nontrivial question how these estimates can be most efficiently assessed. There is reason to believe that results from previous studies probing astronomical scale estimates are possibly susceptible to…

Enhancing students' conceptual understanding is one of the primary goals of science education. Existing literature suggests that the degree of knowledge integration among students can reflect their level of conceptual understanding. This study focuses on the concept of friction force, constructing a cognitive structure model of friction force to…

This study investigates the use of GeoGebra, a Dynamic Geometry Software (DGS) for math learning in Virtual Reality (VR) using head-mounted displays. We conducted a study with n = 20 middle school students receiving a mathematics tutoring intervention over time in a VR environment. Using theories of embodied cognition and playful mathematics, this…

Scientific misinformation and disinformation, proliferating via the internet and social media, are now significant problems. Proposed solutions vary substantially. Here, I describe a set of prospective benchmarks--10 competencies--that seem essential for reorienting science education to address the challenge. They include, first, elements of…

Students hold a variety of initial (mis)conceptions that are inconsistent with scientific knowledge and hinder their physics learning. The initial (mis)conceptions could coexist with the scientific ones, even after a conceptual change. Inhibitory control may help overcome initial (mis)conceptions. This study investigated if and how inhibitory…

The demand for improving student interest in science has increased efforts toward teaching Einstein's theory of general relativity in schools. Research has already shown that teaching Einsteinian gravity at the secondary level is feasible, however, appropriate resources must be readily available for science teachers to make Einsteinian gravity…

Understanding natural selection requires mentally linking various key concepts and processes. Many students find it difficult to construct scientific explanations about natural selection and might display misconceptions. Our study aimed to investigate the understanding of natural selection and the existence of teleological or other misconceptions…