Writing is now being viewed in its larger context of communication. Research suggests that young children use the more familiar communication systems like speech, drawing, music, and drama to add depth and meaning to their writing. Teachers must redefine their ideas about writing and children's communication knowledge. Cites six references. (MLH)

Components of the expressive arts approach to therapy for disabled students are briefly described in terms of music, movement and dance, sculpture, sandplay, drawing and painting, journal writing, poetry, playwriting, puppetry, and drama. (CL)

An attempt to foster greater self-confidence among prison inmates by teaching representational drawing and art appreciation encountered problems because of the wide range of skills in each class and the students' lack of experience with live models and symbolic representation. Teaching methods and drawing materials used are also discussed. (IS)

Based on a view of literacy as social practice, this book highlights the ways in which classroom teachers and educators have practiced and imagined teaching literacy in everyday classrooms. The twelve essays published here originally appeared in the NCTE journal Primary Voices K-6 and highlight four key issues essential to literacy practice in…

Noting that drawing and painting offer very young children powerful ways to explore and communicate thoughts and feelings, this booklet for caregivers and teachers offers suggestions related to painting and drawing for children under 3 years. The booklet discusses what young children can do with drawing and painting materials, including exploring…

This study explored the possibility of using the Multi-Trait Multi-Method (MTMM) approach of D. Campbell and D. Fiske (1959) to examine the educational ecology of classrooms. Using the MTMM approach, the study focuses on the extent to which multiple methods of inquiry (surveys, drawings, and videos) are valid indicators of classroom teaching and…

This guide was designed by the Marine Activities, Resources & Education (MARE) Program through the Great Explorations in Math and Science (GEMS) ongoing curriculum development program for middle school students. This GEMS guide addresses the concepts of the interconnectedness of the ocean basins, respect for organisms, oceanography, physical…

Graphic strategies employed by children, ages three to seven, to draw a family, children playing, a birthday party, and a garden were documented. Results indicated that strategies were task-dependent and flexible. The children developed progressively complex graphic routines in relating one figure to another within a composition. (Author/SR)

A developmental sequence of stages in the representation of regular space figures, first obtained in Jamaica, was cross-validated on a U.S. sample. Discussion centers on the relation between representational ability and perceptual development and on the variation in the difficulty of drawing different figures. (Author/MK)

Describes an art lesson used with children in the third grade to help them learn about symmetry, as well as encouraging them to draw larger than usual. Explains that students learn about the belief called "Horror Vacui" of the Northwest American Indian tribes and create their interpretation of this belief. (CMK)

Describes how sketch journals help students make connections in their learning across the curriculum through drawing and writing. Also called observation journals, the journals provide students with a tool for observation and a place to practice writing, respond to literature, take notes, solve problems, express themselves, and think in words and…

Focuses on criteria reference testing in art education. Offers an example of how the author used this in a classroom. States that the students created a shadow-box drawing of a box with hanging objects. Explains that the lesson is designed to test their drawing, shading, and composition skills. (CMK)

Presents the results of a study, part of a larger project investigating knowledge acquisition in Christian religions. Focuses on primary school children's drawings of the "house where God lives" to learn about belief revision or conceptual change. Finds that children's drawings indicated belief revision and conceptual change. (CMK)

Seeks to clarify why drawing traditionally holds a central place in the art school program. Outlines what is meant by the Renaissance concept of drawing and how the role of drawing has changed over the centuries. (KM)

An animation project was developed for pupils with moderate learning difficulties, age 12-14. Using a computer system, normal pencil-and-paper drawings done by children were shot by a video camera, stored in the computer, colored with a graphics program, and then manipulated for various animation effects. (JDD)