Science education reform has long focused on assessing student inquiry, and there has been progress in developing tools specifically with respect to experimentation and argumentation. We suggest the need for attention to another aspect of inquiry, namely "mechanistic reasoning." Scientific inquiry focuses largely on understanding causal…

The development of a coding scheme to identify the function of each conversational turn within episodes of conflict in a peer tutoring setting is described, and the scheme, based on Cohen's kappa analysis, is presented. Although 15 codes were developed for the initial effort, 7 codes were finally used to reflect each utterance as: (1) agreement;…

This CD-ROM contains a separate electronic codebook for each of the following National Center for Education Statistics data sets: (1) B94, Baccalaureate and Beyond 1993-94 (restricted); (2) B97, Baccalaureate and Beyond 1993-97 (restricted); (3) BP4, Beginning Postsecondary Students 1990-94 (restricted); (4) FAC, 1992-93 National Student of…

Introduces this issue, which contains papers from the 1991 Data Compression Conference, and defines data compression. The two primary functions of data compression are described, i.e., storage and communications; types of data using compression technology are discussed; compression methods are explained; and current areas of research are…

Describes a modified frequency-sensitive self-organization (FSO) algorithm for image data compression and the associated VLSI architecture. Topics discussed include vector quantization; VLSI neural processor architecture; detailed circuit implementation; and a neural network vector quantization prototype chip. Examples of images using the FSO…

The second of two articles on recursive programing techniques focuses on pseudocoding of recursive processes, evaluation and encoding of recursive procedures, and evaluation and encoding of recursive functions. The translation of recursive relations in mathematics to recursive functions is also examined, and an example is given. (12 references)…

Examined rules for coding intercepts, disconfirmations, and indirect communications in Family Relational Communication Control Coding System (FRCCCS). Experienced family therapists (n=35) observed 2 videotaped family therapy interactions and reported perceptions of each of 25 communications. Perceptions significantly corresponded with FRCCCS…

Meta-analysis is a methodology that can be used to summarize the results of quantitative studies and allows a researcher to evaluate how the outcomes may vary systematically. (Author)

Discussion of information agents that search the Web on behalf of users focuses on ARIS, a shell for constructing information agents without coding that is similar to expert system shells. Searching is guided by knowledge about how pages on particular Web sites in a given domain are typically organized. (Author/LRW)

Three experiments examined 3- to 4-year olds' judgments about physical representations which no longer matched their references. Results showed that children tended to misidentify the name of a sticker in a written list to match a change to its referent. Children's incorrect judgments indicated that realist errors to external representations…

Results of seven experiments involving 112 college students or staff using a dual-task approach provide evidence that encoding information into short-term memory involves a distinct process termed short-term consolidation (STC). Results suggest that STC has limited capacity and that it requires central processing mechanisms. (SLD)

Examination of the Affective and Continuance Commitment Scales of J. P. Meyer and N. J. Allen using confirmatory factor analysis for 333 subjects with the LISREL 7 computer program provided strong support across multiple diagnostics for existence of a reverse coding factor defined by the 6 negatively worded scale items. (Author/SLD)

Reflecting on her study of working-class women's life stories, the author shows how several realizations influenced and changed these steps of the research process: collecting stories, developing coding methods, designing a comparative study, considering labels, attending to variations, addressing self-other relationships, and listening to life…

Themes of Division 17 presidential addresses from 1984 to 2002, published in "The Counseling Psychologist," were examined using a grounded theory approach. Sorting and coding of the data yielded six major categories: distinctiveness of counseling psychology, disappointments/missed opportunities, successes, foundations of counseling psychology,…

Assessing the language development of bilingual children can be a challenge--too often, children in the complex process of learning both Spanish and English are under- or over-diagnosed with language disorders. SLPs can change that with "SALT 2010 Bilingual S/E Version" for grades K-3, the first tool to comprehensively assess children's language…