This comparison of students' learning from reading books and from watching television uses Gavriel Salomon's model of learning effects, which is based on the amount of mental effort invested (AIME) in a medium as determining how deeply the information from that medium is processed. Mental effort, in turn, is predicted to depend on two perceptions…

This study investigated seven methods for analyzing multivariate group differences. Bonferroni t statistics, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) followed by analysis of variance (ANOVA), and five other methods were studied using Monte Carlo methods. Methods were compared with respect to (1) experimentwise error rate; (2) power; (3) number…

Test item selection techniques based on traditional item analysis methods were compared to techniques based on item response theory. The consistency of mastery classifications in criterion referenced reading tests was examined. Pretest and posttest data were available for 945 first and second grade students and for 1796 fourth to sixth grade…

Mathematics achievement of Elementary Secondary Education Act Title I students was evaluated, using RMC Model B, the control group model. The third-grade students in 8 of 17 Title I elementary schools and the fifth-grade students in the remaining 9 schools were chosen for the pilot project. The remaining third-and fifth-grade students served as…

Investigating the effect of a resident outdoor experience on the attitudes of 300 sixth grade students exposed to two different teaching methods, students from the Brownsville School District in Pennsylvania were randomly assigned to a week-long camp experience. Teachers in the control group (N=3) were given 20 hours of training in outdoor…

Title I evaluations using the RMC Model C design depend for their interpretation on the assumption that the regression of posttest on pretest is linear across the cut score level when there is no treatment; but there are many instances where nonlinearities may occur. If one applies the analysis of covariance, or model C analysis, large errors may…

Using a systems approach to determine the relationship between modernization and education, data were analyzed from questionnaire responses returned by the chief administrators of 1,124 public high schools. The schools were a selected sample of the schools attended by the 28,000 pupils included in the October 1965, educational supplement of the…

Representational competence refers to the individual's capability to respond appropriately to external representations. For example, a child engaged in a grouping task may collect together all like objects even if the group contains varying representations of the object, including (1) the object itself, (2) a three-dimensional likeness of the…

The study described in this report investigated the perceptions held by public school administrators concerning the effects of private schools on the operation of public schools. Questionnaires were completed and returned by several randomly selected principals and the superintendent of public schools in each of 41 American cities with populations…

In response to the complexities of technological, social, political, and institutional change, the Property Research Workshop focused on the theoretical, rather than the empirical aspects of property-related research. Specifically, emphasis was on analytical and institutional approaches to research. Ten institutionally-related propositions were…

A 1972 follow-up study of 282 Spanish-surname and 176 Anglo youths who grew up in the rural Southwest analyzed data (results to be used to develop future Federal programs) on occupational and social adjustment. Surveyed 7 years after 8th grade graduation, each subject represented 1 of 14 rural counties with 10 percent or more Spanish-surname…

Data from the 1969-70 and 1970-71 Head Start Planned Variation (HSPV)Study were used to examine program-child interactions. An effort was made to determine whether different preschool programs have different cognitive effects on different types of children. Seven hypotheses for the analysis of the data were generated from the results of the HSPV…

An experiment tested the assumption that differences in learning to learn (LTL) are to a large extent explained by differences in what groups of different socioeconomic status (SES) have learned about ways to learn a task. A 6-problem concept attainment task not dependent on verbalization was used. Subjects were 108 elementary school Caucasian…

This study was made to identify and measure social-environmental characteristics of low income children and to analyze the relationship of these variables to cognitive and socioemotional measures taken shortly after entrance into Head Start. It was felt that such information would be useful to teachers and curriculum planners who wished to devise…

The present study was an attempt to assess the impact of Project Head Start upon the parents of children who participated in a 6-month Head Start intervention program in Austin, Texas. The sample was comprised of 57 Negro and 51 Latin-American parents. From the Parent Interview, which was administered to the female caretaker (usually the mother)…