This is a final report of support received through the National Institute of Education (NIE) to assist in research on the writing ability of United States children. The study began under the auspices of the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) in order to contribute to a cross national assessment of…

This paper describes NEOMYCIN, a computer program that models one physician's diagnostic reasoning within a limited area of medicine. NEOMYCIN's knowledge base and reasoning procedure constitute a model of how human knowledge is organized and how it is used in diagnosis. The hypothesis is tested that such a procedure can be used to simulate both…

To support the construct validity of a locally developed, sixth grade reading achievement test, an investigation of factorial invariance was made across 1556 majority, 327 Black minority, and 136 Asian minority examinees. Although the hypothesis of a unidimensional factor pattern was retained for each group, hypotheses of equal factor weights…

Findings are presented from two separate year-long longitudinal studies of the development of planning skills among school aged children in relation to learning LOGO programming, and a theoretical context is provided for predictions of greater improvement by the programming groups. In the first year, experimental groups comprised students in each…

An empirical study was conducted in order to obtain treatment effect estimates with the Special Regression model for groups in which there was no treatment. General mathematics test scores were obtained from 730 ninth graders in city schools somewhat similar to Title I schools, but in which no special treatments were given. Hypothetical…

RECENT RESEARCH ON INDIVIDUALIZED INSTRUCTION AND ITS EFFECT ON SELF-INITIATED LEARNING BEHAVIOR SUGGESTS THAT A CLASSROOM ATMOSPHERE OF GUIDED SELF-DEVELOPMENT AND AN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM ADAPTABLE TO INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES ARE MOST EFFECTIVE IN PROMOTING THE GROWTH OF THE PUPIL'S FULL TALENTS, CREATIVITY, AND INTEREST. THIS STUDY ATTEMPTED AN…

THIS STUDY REPORTS THE FIRST PHASE OF A 5-YEAR LONGITUDINAL INVESTIGATION OF THE COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF A HIGHLY STRUCTURED PRESCHOOL PROGRAM AND A TRADITIONAL NURSERY SCHOOL PROGRAM IN AMELIORATING THE LEARNING DEFECTS OF CULTURALLY DISADVANTAGED CHILDREN. THE HIGHLY STRUCTURED PROGRAM IS INTENDED TO OVERCOME PARTICULAR WEAKNESSES OF…

A CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR STUDYING THE OPERATION OF SOCIAL POWER IN SCHOOL SYSTEMS WAS DEVELOPED ON THE ASSUMPTION THAT A SCHOOL SYSTEM MUST BE UNDERSTOOD IN TERMS OF ITS SUPPORTING ENVIRONMENT. TWELVE DIRECTIONAL HYPOTHESES WERE TESTED TO DETERMINE CORRELATIONS BETWEEN FOUR TYPES OF COMMUNITY POWER STRUCTURES (DOMINATED, FACTIONAL, PLURALISTIC, AND…

This is the second report in a longitudinal study designed to examine experiences of black children adopted by white couples, black couples and single parents. Begun in 1970, the study plan is to follow a cohort of black children, adopted as infants or toddlers, through their childhood years until the age of 20. The present report, based on…

THE PRIMARY PURPOSE OF THIS EXPERIMENT WAS TO DETERMINE WHETHER HIERARCHICALLY DIFFERENTIATED GROUPS WERE AS PRODUCTIVE ON PROBLEM-SOLVING TASKS AS HIERARCHICALLY UNDIFFERENTIATED GROUPS. THE EXPERIMENT ALSO INVESTIGATED THE EFFECTS OF FORMALLY BASED STATUS DIFFERENCES ON GROUP EFFICIENCY AND RISK-TAKING. TWENTY GROUPS CONTAINING FOUR SUBJECTS…

THIS MONOGRAPH, VIEWING THE SCHOOL DISTRICT AS A POLITICAL ENTITY, DEVOTES ATTENTION TO BOTH ADMINISTRATIVE AND COMMUNITY PROBLEMS WHICH ARISE IN CONNECTION WITH SCHOOL DISTRICT REORGANIZATION. FOR EXAMPLE, ONE CONSEQUENCE OF REORGANIZATION IS THE ENLARGEMENT OF THE SCHOOL DISTRICT. THE LARGER EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM REQUIRES CHANGES WHICH EITHER THE…

In a study to determine factors which cause or inhibit change in a school organization, 30 schools in five Western States were classified according to degree of innovativeness and organizational climate. Correlations were determined by analyzing four selected variables: Expenditures per student, age of staff, years of staff service, and size of…

An adult basic education (ABE) project was undertaken in 1977 in southern New Jersey to take instruction to students in rural areas. The region was one in which some 75% of the population had not completed high school. Centered in Millville with satellite centers in four rural townships whose secondary students are bussed to Millville, the project…

Addressing the issue of community satisfaction as a viable extension to the search for social indicators, the following hypotheses were tested: (1) community satisfaction is a multidimensional variable; (2) satisfaction with community services is a municipality-oriented phenomenon that will vary according to size of place of residence, i.e., small…

Employing similar variables, along with an assessment of the participation-aspiration hypothesis for athletes residing in rural Louisiana, a partial replication was attempted of previous studies of the athletic participation-aspiration relationship. A further extension of past studies was made by assessing the effects of selected predictor…