Compares the training and activity of scientists and engineers in France and the United States. Describes the French higher education system including the features and curriculum design of the "grandes ecoles." Discusses the differences in the role of government to research and development between the two nations. (YP)

Describes and discusses an epistemological approach to the education of science teachers that emphasizes similarities in knowledge and modes of acquiring knowledge among children, scientists in their historical contexts, and student teachers. (ZWH)

Describes the development, framework, and curriculum of the new degree program called Media Documentation at the Fachhochschule Hamburg (Germany). Highlights include changes in the job market for information professionals, determination and estimation of need, combining practice and theory, and cooperation with commercial organizations and…

Reports on a study of professional socialization and the emergence of career aspirations among 566 graduate students in sociology. Finds that access to initial funding and mentoring have substantial effects on students' professional socialization. (CFR)

Discusses classical theory as a modernist endeavor to apprehend the phenomenon of "unity of disunity." Presents three ways that classical theory approaches the philosophy views of Durkheim, Marx, and Weber. Concludes that postmodernism validates the relevancy of classical theory. (CFR)

Asserts that infringements on the freedom to research and teach detracts from effective teaching and unbiased research. Suggests that some sociologists permit infringements out of confusion over possible outcomes and fear of being punished for noncompliance. (CFR)

Asserts that all research is interpretive and that reality is constructed at every stage of a research project. Explores three research constructs: (1) role of the researcher; (2) research questions; and (3) underlying assumptions of the researcher. Presents and applies a foundation for an interpretative research framework. (CFR)

Examines the extent to which scientific research in the former Soviet Union was endogenous and the degree to which it was integrated into the scientific world system during the 1970s and 1980s. Autarchy, self-reliance, and distinctiveness in scientific traditions are discussed; the center-periphery concept is examined; and results of a survey of…

The Main Library at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (California) is actively challenging the traditional roles of libraries and information scientists. Innovative projects revolve around biomedical and environmental information services and envision new ways to serve information users. The library of the future will involve increased…

Argues that, with the trend toward viewing reference librarians as information brokers and the reification and privatization of information, the traditional goals of libraries and librarianship are being lost, i.e., providing free and open access to books and information to promote informed democracy and the public good. (63 references) (EAM)

The movement for multiculturalism has developed in part as a reaction to the dominance of the U.S. scientific culture. The U.S. language and U.S. culture are globally accepted as closest to the world's common culture. Those who advocate multiculturalism on U.S. campuses are seceding from this common culture. (SLD)

Presents a synopsis of the results of the first phase of a study project sponsored by the National Science Foundation that examined trends, opportunities, and problems in the dissemination of scientific and technical information in the United States. Findings that are summarized concern the use of information, information technologies, and…

Considers the role of library and information science professionals as knowledge engineers. Highlights include knowledge acquisition, including personal experience, interviews, protocol analysis, observation, multidimensional sorting, printed sources, and machine learning; knowledge representation, including production rules and semantic nets;…

Contends that the electronic generation of documents in modern offices will transform the nature of archives and, therefore, the techniques of historical research. Discusses advantages and disadvantages for historical researchers. Urges historians to express their concerns about these issues to the wider scholarly community. (CFR)

Reports on the impact of the Minneapolis (Minnesota) Police Experiment, which indicated that a policy of mandatory or presumptive arrest was a deterrent to domestic violence. Discusses how police departments began to adopt this approach. Recommends that arrest be one of several control methods used in domestic violence cases. (CFR)