Using the theory of correspondence and contradiction, the author analyzes the interaction between socioeconomic and educational changes in Ethiopia from 1942 to 1974. An introductory section sets forth the principles of correspondence and contradiction, which refer to how the means of economic production determine conditions in the noneconomic…

Research findings concerning the relationship of grade retention to the self-concepts and academic achievement of middle and junior high school students, and to school promotion standards are examined. The few studies conducted in this area of research seem to indicate that (1) failure to be promoted to a higher grade is related to children's…

The pattern of changes in locus of control for college persisters and dropouts were examined over a three-year period, and differences between males and females were considered. Data on 6,608 students enrolled in four-year U.S. colleges were collected in 1973, 1974, and 1975. A repeated measures analysis of locus of control composite scores…

An examination of the grading policies at the 29 Michigan community colleges is presented. Six major classifications cover all grades given at the colleges: main grading system, pass-fail grades, withdrawal grades, incomplete grades, and audit options. The most common grade policy, used by 24 of the colleges, is the five grade system assigning…

This summary report, one of a series of documents on the evaluation of the University of Western Ontario Preschool Project, reviews studies (conducted as part of the project) of preschool children to determine why disadvantaged children fail in school and to discover if compensatory education activates and maintains the children's cognitive…

Charting is based on the assumptions that relevant curricula will attract and maintain student interest, and that continued poor enrollment in courses is indicative of weaknesses in instruction, curriculum, or site/environment. Charting success or failure in these areas within the model of weekly student contact hours, average daily attendance…

A two-year study was undertaken in Massachusetts to evaluate the impact of vocational education on released ex-offenders. In the first year, evaluation procedures and interview instruments were developed, a survey of inmates was conducted, and the data collected was analyzed and summarized in a report. Since the second year of the study was not…

The Joint Dissemination Review Panel (JDRP) was established in 1972 by the Education Division of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare to review projects that seek federal funding for nationwide dissemination. Since very few career education programs have been represented among the exemplary programs approved by JDRP, a project was…

This collection of abstracts is part of a continuing series providing information on recent doctoral dissertations. The 25 titles deal with a variety of topics, including the following: (1) reading comprehension and visual creativity; (2) family interaction and reading achievement in high school males; (3) conceptual tempo, Piagetian level of…

This paper describes the operations of a community-based, racially-mixed, day-long, day care center, its social environment and the staff's response to one very young, disruptive black boy. Data for the study were collected over a 3-year period of participant observation among approximately 25 children ranging in age from 2 through 5 from low…

The cross-levels hypothesis is presented as an explanation for program evaluation failures. It states that the usefulness of evaluation data as feedback for decision making varies inversely with the number of organizational levels between the action the data describe, and the decisions they are intended to influence. To be useful for decision…

This paper surveys the recent literature on the implementation of educational innovations and reviews and synthesizes research findings and recommendations for improving educational practices. It focuses on the implementation processes, influences, and effects that are considered to be important variables in educational change, and explores…

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the relationship between self-esteem and achievement and to explain why changes in self-esteem have not resulted in changes in achievement. It is postulated that self-esteem affects achievement indirectly through the medium of coping skills. Data from a study of 1657 students in 53 sixth grade classrooms in…

A program was conducted by the New York State Health Deaprtment's Veterans Health Manpower Center (VHMC) from April, 1972, through March, 1979, to serve the health career interests of Vietman-era veterans. (For two years prior to 1972 the program was carried out by the Health Department's Office of Special Health Manpower Programs.) Since its…

This paper describes an educational program for 28 adolescent delinquents at a training school for boys. All of the students had histories of educational failure. Individualized programed instruction and a system of extrinsic learning reinforcements were the experimental basis of the program. Points, exchangeable for money, were given to the…