Reported are aspects of the Home-Oriented Preschool Education (HOPE) Program, notably the extensive follow-up study of the program. Contents focus on the history of the HOPE Program, the summative evaluation of HOPE, the preliminary phase of the follow-up study, the study's main phase, measurement procedures used, and the third, fourth, and final…

A series of studies demonstrates that preschool, preoperational children deal effectively with tasks by anticipating the likelihood of their success and failure. They manifest these expectations in their behavior: in their decision time for making predictions, in the distributions of these predictions, and in their approach to particular tasks.…

Low self-esteem and depressed individuals tend to have an attributional style of externalizing success and internalizing failure. To evaluate a program developed to help reverse this pattern of responses to be more similar to high self-esteem and nondepressed individuals, subjects were first tested for self-esteem, depression, and attributional…

Attribution theory and gerontology would be enriched by the application of a life-span approach to attribution, involving increased attention to the age of the stimulus person and developmental factors associated with self-attribution. In studies on achievement attributions about older people, chronological age appears to be a more salient cue for…

Effects of test-taking instruction for University of North Carolina medical students who failed end-of-year examinations were studied. The exam is compensatory and includes a number of subtests, including National Board (NB) Part I standardized subtests in pathology, pharmacology, and physiology. Students who had to repeat NB Part I subtests were…

Teaching technologies offer pedagogical advantages which vary with specific contexts. Successfully integrating them hinges on clearly identifying pedagogical goals, then planning for the many decisions that technological change demands. In examining different ways of organizing this process, we have applied planning tools from other…

Since 1970 the Pasadena Unified School District has operated racially balanced schools under the auspices of a courtmandated desegregation program known as the Pasadena Plan. This report assesses the educational and demographic consequences of four years (1970-1974) of school desegregation. The objectives of the paper are as follows: (1) to…

When the English-placement examination essays of college freshmen who had passed the examination were compared with essays of students who had failed, it was found that the most-important differences between the two groups of essays occurred in the area of content development and organization rather than in spelling, grammar, or punctuation. A…

A theoretical model is attempted that explains the processes of interaction between the individual and the institution that lead differing individuals to drop out from the institutions. Recent research in the field is also reviewed to gain new insights into the social process of dropping out from higher education. (Author/DEP)

Self-evaluation is thought to play a major role in personality and motivation. Preliminary experience with success or failure, levels of aspiration, attributions for performance, and locus of control may all be interrelated factors in human motivation. After receiving success, failure, or no feedback on a concept formation task, subjects (N=90)…

The correlations between four childhood factors (externalizing, internalizing, asocial, and IQ/school achievement) and adult outcome ratings were investigated with 45 males with a young adult onset of schizophrenia who had been followed into middle age and for whom childhood information was available from a child guidance clinic. Among findings…

The performance of good and poor readers was compared on a series of three visually presented paired associate tasks varying the verbal codability level of response items. Performance of the 32 poor readers was significantly lower than that of the 32 good readers across all three tasks. There were no differences between good and poor readers in…

Four student-rated qualities of affective meaning associated with getting a grade of "C" in selected college courses were analyzed for their relation to student academic self-esteem and their sensitivity to two course-related context factors: course content and its intended audience. A total of 106 students in two sections of an introductory…

An experiment was performed to obtain judgments of 324 college students about a list of 18 causal explanations for good or poor performance on an examination. These stimulus causes were judged with respect to a description of two hypothetical situations in which a student either did well or did poorly on the examination. Half the sample judged the…

THE OBJECTIVES OF THIS STUDY WERE (1) TO IDENTIFY THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SCHOOL DROPOUTS AS CONTRASTED WITH THOSE WHO STAYED IN SCHOOL, (2) TO INVESTIGATE EXPERIENCES WHICH LED TO LEAVING SCHOOL, (3) TO DETERMINE THE PERCEPTIONS OF SCHOOL-LEAVERS REGARDING THEIR SCHOOL EXPERIENCES, AND (4) TO INVESTIGATE WHAT SCHOOL-LEAVERS DID AFTER THEY LEFT…