Planning-programming-budgeting systems (PPBS) have been looked on by public-sector organizations as a mechanism to improve the decision process in resource allocation. PPBS requires (1) selecting the overall long-range objectives of the organization and the systematic analysis of various courses of action leading to their attainment; (2) deciding…

During the past year and a half, the University of Toledo has developed a competency-based model for teacher education, the basic elements of which are (a) the explicit statement of performance objectives, (b) one or more sets of instructional procedures specifically designed for attainment of each objective, and (c) criterion-referenced…

The academic suspension policy at Harrisburg Area Community College prescribes minimum grade point averages which must be maintained for students to remain academically eligible. In order to study the effectiveness of this policy, the faculty council held it in abeyance for a period of three semesters. The intent of this research was to compare…

Job enrichment rapidly is becoming one of the most widely used behavioral science strategies for organizational change. And there is scattered but compelling evidence that, under certain conditions, the technique can lead simultaneously to both improved productivity and an increase in the quality of employee work experiences. Yet observations of…

If motivation to read fails to develop, reading failure is the outcome. All of us have very delicately balanced neural systems for integrating incoming sensory inputs, evaluating their significance in the light of past experience, and storing the learning for future use. Autistic and hyperkinetic children apparently have unbalanced neurological…

Two beams forming part of the roof over the swimming pool at the school collapsed. The investigation showed that the cause of the failure was loss of strength due to conversion of high alumina cement concrete followed by sulphate attack leading to disruption of the concrete. The degree of conversion and loss of strength was greater than expected…

In order to discover whether there were any inner-city elementary schools in Massachusetts which were successful in teaching children to read, a two-year study was undertaken. Results of the study, reported in this document, showed that there is no one pattern for success but that there is a process by which schools, either alone or in…

This report presents data on the number of students affected by academic probation or dismissal during 1967-68 at California's institutions of higher education. Section A, the introduction, defines academic probation and academic dismissal. Section B discusses the academic probation and dismissal policies of the various campuses of the University…

Specific difficulties encountered when helping low-achieving students improve their college reading and study skills include pronunciation of new words, low vocabulary, inability to follow directions, spelling problems, and an inability to differentiate between main ideas and details. Some techniques that have been used at San Jose State College,…

The roles of the teacher and clinician in the diagnostic reading situation are explored, and the importance of diagnosis for reading instruction is stressed. Emphasis on a child-centered program, with the classroom and the clinic viewed as basic structures for gathering diagnostic information, is recommended. Factors related to reliability,…

Academic policy should be structured in a way that best serves the needs of both the institution and the individual student. Existing policies generally inherited from the past, were designed to protect the institution, and are based upon faulty assumptions regarding reasons for low academic performance. Five guidelines designed to meet the needs…

In recent years much attention has been given to the identification of social and psychological factors that may account for differences in the achievement of students in American schools. A wide range of studies has demonstrated that the family's socioeconomic status and racial background, as well as the socioeconomic and racial composition of…

The objective of the research study was to determine if dimensions of the innovation diffusion process could be identified empirically. Questionnaires were administered to a sample of 300 educational practitioners in various roles in Kansas and Ohio. The data resulting from the 82 percent response are divided into two categories. One category…

The purpose of this study was to determine whether primary dyslexic children are impaired equally in the areas of language and cognition and to assess the value of verbal cues in raising the dyslexic group's performance on word-retrieval tasks. Two groups of male children were used in the investigation. The experimental group consisted of primary…

This paper discusses the general situation of reading instruction at the secondary level. The paper is divided into three sections: "Two Decades of Reading 'Programs,'" which discusses the increasing numbers of retarded readers, the claims of reading materials, and the characteristics of some of the existing reading programs;…