The document consists of two sections. The first is a seven-page audit report which sought to establish whether the project evaluators' methods, data, and conclusions were valid. The overall design of the evaluation was found to be adequate for documenting progress toward the objectives, and the format was well-chosen. However, the auditors felt…

The Initial Teaching Alphabet (i.t.a.), devised by Sir James Pitman as a simplified alphabet for beginning readers, consists of 44 characters plus a set of rules for standard spellings of English words using these characters. The characters and rules are designed to ensure easy transition from i.t.a. to traditional orthography (T.O.). In September…

This report, after thoroughly surveying the literature on anxiety, acceptance, and achievement, focuses on the relationship between a child's anxiety, peer acceptance, reading level, and overall school achievement as part of child development. Eight seventh-grade classes served as subjects for the study which examined such variables as age, sex,…

The investigation reported in this volume attempts to clarify some issues relating to the existence, nature, and causes of specific dyslexia. Based on an extended study of 98 boys of at least average intelligence with severe reading and spelling problems, the report provides detailed data relating to their developmental and perinatal histories,…

The "Right to Read" goal set by James E. Allen, Jr., former United States Commissioner of Education, is evaluated through a series of interviews with 25 leading authorities in reading. Allen's address is included in its entirety. The comments of the reading authorities, who often disagree among themselves, reflect the impact that the…

Factors surrounding needs and obstacles in Swedish adult education are studied. Homogenous and heterogenous groups with varying degrees of interest in participation were chosen for the study. A survey of the literature concerning participation in adult education was made. As part of this study, notice was made of the participation in adult…

In this research competition is examined conceptually in order to develop a functional definition that will facilitate systematic research on the process. Competitive behavior is defined as behavior that is a positive function of a comparison of the results of one person's behavior with the results of another's behavior. Comparisons, in turn, can…

A cognitive explanation of achievement-related behavior is developed. It is suggested that high and low achievers diverge behaviorally in the achievement situation because they conceptualize the causes of success and failure in different ways. The results of a study are presented which show that subjects high in achievement needs tend to attribute…

THIS INVESTIGATION STUDIED THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN READING ACHIEVEMENT AND MORAL REALISM IN 7- TO 12-YEAR-OLD BOYS. INTRAGROUP TRENDS AND INTERGROUP DIFFERENCES IN MORAL REALISM AMONG RETARDED AND SUCCESSFUL READERS WERE COMPARED AND EVALUATED. A HORIZONTAL ANALYSIS AND A VERTICAL ANALYSIS WERE PERFORMED IN ORDER TO DETERMINE THE PRESENCE OF A…

A "COURSE DROPOUT" IS A STUDENT WHO DROPS HIS STUDY OF A FOREIGN LANGUAGE AFTER 2 YEARS IN HIGH SCHOOL. HE FULFILLS HIS MINIMUM FOREIGN LANGUAGE REQUIREMENT FOR COLLEGE ENTRANCE, BUT DOES NOT HAVE A SUFFICIENT MASTERY TO BE EFFECTIVE IN THE LANGUAGE ARTS. THE TREMENDOUS ATTRITION RATE AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL FOREIGN LANGUAGE STUDENTS HAS MANY…

In two experiments, visual and auditory memory were tested for good and for poor readers from the upper elementary grades. Under experimenter-blind conditions, no reading group differences existed for single-mode presentation in recognition frequency or recognition latency. With a multimodal presentation, latencies for poor readers were similar to…

The author argues that reading instruction could be dramatically improved by making it an integral part of the total curriculum, rather than a subject taught in isolation from the content areas. After reviewing data on reading failure and illiteracy, particular causes of poor reading instruction are discussed. Adequate instruction will come only…

Six separate experiments were undertaken to test the hypothesis that poor readers in first, second, and third grade would have more difficulty with simple perceptual discriminations than would good readers in the same grades. Various tasks were used in the experiments, including discrimination of line orientations, checking letters in three-letter…

The relationship between students' sex and persistence in higher education is examined. Sex-typical experiences as an operationalization of sex are used in addition to the traditional label assigned at birth. This conceptualization reveals a complexity in the relationship that is hidden when sex is defined traditionally. (Author)