This study investigates the effect of saliency on the relationships between self-esteem and performance, competency and reactions to feedback. Subjects (N=146) preselected for social or academic orientation engaged in either a social or academic task and were given randomized success or failure feedback concerning their performance. Subjects rated…

TWO MAIN METHODS OF APPROACH IN UNDERSTANDING THE SCHOLASTIC FAILURE OF CULTURALLY DISADVANTAGED CHILDREN WERE--THE USE OF SUCH TEACHING METHODS AS TEXTBOOKS, WORKBOOKS, TEACHERS' GUIDEBOOKS, AND OTHER TEACHING AIDS SUITED TO THE SPECIAL NEEDS OF THESE CHILDREN, AND THE USE OF EXPERIMENTS ON THE KINDERGARTEN LEVEL AIMED AT FINDING WAYS TO DEVELOP…

Researchers have found that the labor market performance of exoffenders is dismal. The poor post-prison employment experiences of ex-offenders was investigated to determine whether their problems arose from being inexperienced low-skilled workers or from being ex-offenders. The sample was drawn from the Baltimore Life Insurance for Ex-Prisoners…

Among blacks of low socioeconomic status, mothers have a particularly important role to play in determining the academic paths of their children in public schools. In research conducted by Dr. Virginia Shipman, key indices for minority student academic achievement have been shown to be (1) the extent of maternal encouragement and involvement with…

Despite the difficulty inherent in counting dropouts, it can be estimated that about 45 percent of the ninth graders in New York City public high schools drop out before completing their high school education. These dropouts, characteristically, have experienced academic failure and will probably continue to experience failure after they leave…

In this survey of alternative public high school programs in New York City, the Community Service Society (CSS) explored the reasons for establishing alternative programs in New York City high schools. It also examined the following: 1)the characteristics of the population these programs were serving, 2)how the programs were planned to meet the…

Studies of motivation as a factor in learning success imply that, in second language learning, low self-expectancy for success leads to a low level of motivation no matter how attractive foreign language programs might be. The belief that there is no causal connection between his or her own behavior and learning success prevents the learner from…

This thesis describes an experimental study of the "motive to avoid success," as described by Matina Horner (1968), using sex, age, and sex of cues as independent variables. School-aged subjects (5th, 8th, 11th grade and college students) wrote stories in response to one of two written thematic apperceptive cues. The dependent measure was the…

Research designed to analyze the effect of achievement motivation and gender as determinants of attributions for success and failure is described. One-hundred and twenty male and female subjects, divided according to levels of achievement motivation, were asked to do an anagram task at which they were made to succeed or fail. Ratings of ability,…

Investigated were the effects of three different social situations on the performance of 48 mildly mentally retarded individuals (12-17 years old). Ss were randomly assigned to one of six treatment groups and were asked to complete simple and complex mazes in one of three audience conditions: no audience, evaluative audience, and non-evaluative…

Much of the criticism of higher education involves demands for greater efficiency. In certain areas, such critiques are valid; in others, they are misguided. Often the criteria and measurements used are misleading. In presenting the perspective of a large university, three erroneous means of increasing efficiency are highlighted, including: (1)…

This review of higher education research conducted in Australia and New Zealand is divided in two parts. Part I deals generally with research into academic success and failure and includes: (1) selection and wastage; (2) selection, years spent in sixth form, and a Formula; (3) age and maturity; (4) other student variables, such as reasons students…

Efforts toward predicting reading failure have been principally directed at assessing the child's strengths and weaknesses with reference to a limited number of reading correlates under conditions dissimilar to those in which he will be later expected to perform. Because this type of readiness model does not take into consideration a number of…

Over 381,000 college students are suspended or dismissed each year for academic reasons. These college failouts exhibit the full range of academic potential but are hampered by such things as low self concept, inadequate language skills of reading, writing, listening and speaking, a lack of ability to make sound decisions, a lack of meaningful…

The study was conducted to determine the effects of experimentally-arranged success and failure experiences on the subsequent performance of learning tasks by educable mentally retarded (EMR) students. Subjects were 68 EMR intermediate grade children, divided into four groups. Prior to the learning task on each of 5 subsequent days, subjects in…