Investigated the influence of success and failure experiences and expectancies on selective memory for positive versus negative personality information about oneself. Subjects correctly remembered their personality liabilities relatively less than their assets when they expected to succeed than when they expected to fail. The effects of expectancy…

This publication provides results of a longitudinal study of young firms and their owners. Data represent the responses of a national sample of new business owners (N=2,994) who were members of the National Federation of Independent Business in May 1985 and had been in business for no more than 17 months with the average respondent owning the…

A reasonably accurate knowledge of the location of certain learning functions has been achieved through the steady accumulation of data concerning hemispheric specialization. One learning disabilities teacher (van den Honert, 1977) applied hemisphere specialization techniques to eliminate processing conflicts between the hemispheres by sending…

The Newspaper Preservation Act of 1970 makes it possible for competing newspapers to combine advertising, production, circulation and management functions into a single newspaper corporation. For the attorney general and the courts to authorize a joint operating agreement (JOA) for a "failing newspaper," certain conditions must be met…

Recent research in achievement has focused on sex differences found in locus of standards, conceptual focus, and expectations for success. To examine the nature of sex differences and their relationship to achievement domains, 439 college students (197 females, 242 males) were asked to write an account of an achievement or failure. They then…

Addressing a serious, long-term educational problem in Brazil, this study aimed at identifying teachers' opinions about students' failure at school and the factors related to such failure in order to understand what such opinions mean in terms of teachers' perceptions of their role. Subjects were 451 public school elementary school teachers from…

High-test-anxious individuals have been found to perform less well on cognitive tasks than others of comparable ability. To investigate the relationship between test anxiety and causal attributions following success and failure in an achievement situation, 200 introductory psychology students completed the Test Anxiety Scale (TAS) and were…

Most theories of attributions are multidimensional, suggesting that specific causal factors can be classified along such dimensions as internal-external, stable-unstable, or controllable-uncontrollable. To examine the dimensions underlying causal attributions in an educational setting, 345 students who had just received a grade on a major course…

This investigation, part of an on-going research program examining social learning theory applications to career development, tested several hypotheses derived from A. Bandura's self-efficacy theory in the career-related domain of mathematics. Specifically, the effects of failure on a mathematics task and on a task irrelevant to mathematics were…

Experiences of an individual working with illiterate delinquents are related. It is suggested that controlled rage as a concomitant to learning failure is a potential source of school difficulty as well as social violence. A case of a ninth-grader with reading problems whose IQ had steadily decreased with age is cited. The schools' unsuccessful…

Early research demonstrating an association between success and the male stereotype and between failure and the female stereotype, and the Bayesian analysis of attribution theory provided the bases for predictions about the effects of gender and performance outcomes on probability estimates of future success. The relation between gender…

Rehabilitation requires a well-motivated patient. Detection of "differential motivation" may give the rehabilitation team important clues to a physically handicapped patient's unresolved cognitive and emotional stresses that might negatively affect rehabilitation efforts. (Author/EA)

Investigates the ability of the HSRS to identify prekindergarten or prefirst grade children who will be academically unsuccessful. Results, based on a five-year followup study, indicate the HSRS accurately predicted school failure 81 percent of the time. (Author/HMV)

On the basis of evidence showing the effect of failure on males and mixed sex groups and on the basis of Horner's theory regarding the effect of success on females, it was hypothesized in this study that both success and failure feedback would disrupt female goal setting, and lead to less positive affect. Seventy-five female undergraduates were…

The construct of motive to avoid success (Horner, 1969) accounts for differences in achievement motivation between sexes due, hypothetically, to conflicts encountered by women when competing with men. However, recent research suggests that some men also fear success. The present study investigated socio-cultural correlates differentiating persons…