Simple matrix sampling planned missing (SMS PD) design, introduce missing data patterns that lead to covariances between variables that are not jointly observed, and create difficulties for analyses other than mean and variance estimations. Based on prior research, we adopted a new multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) approach to handle…

A common method of checking person-fit in Bayesian item response theory (IRT) is the posterior-predictive (PP) method. In recent years, more powerful approaches have been proposed that are based on resampling methods using the popular L*[subscript z] statistic. There has also been proposed a new Bayesian model checking method based on pivotal…

Expected yield rates are essential to a survey's data collection plan, as they inform requisite sample sizes to meet the survey's objectives. Given an overall expected yield rate for a self-administered mail survey, this short take describes a simple method for using the Census Planning Database to assign differential yield rates to lower-level…

Medical schools are required to assess and evaluate their curricula and to develop exam questions with strong reliability and validity evidence, often based on data derived from statistically small samples of medical students. Achieving a large enough sample to reliably and validly evaluate courses, assessments, and exam questions would require…

Studies of autistic traits in the general population are becoming increasingly prevalent. In this letter to the editor, we caution researchers against framing and interpreting studies of autistic traits in the general population as extending to autism and implore them to be clear about when their study sample does and does not include autistic…

A central question in educational research is how classroom climate variables, such as teaching quality, goal structures, or interpersonal teacher behavior, are related to critical student outcomes, such as students' achievement and motivation. Student ratings are frequently used to measure classroom climate. When using student ratings to assess…

Practitioners and policymakers often want estimates of the effect of an intervention for their local community, e.g., region, state, county. In the ideal, these multiple population average treatment effect (ATE) estimates will be considered in the design of a single randomized trial. Methods for sample selection for generalizing the sample ATE to…

Qualitative research sample size determination has always been a contentious and confusing issue. Studies are often vague when explaining the processes and justifications that have been used to determine sample size and strategy. Some provide no mention of sampling at all, whilst others rely too heavily on the concept of saturation for determining…

Convenience sampling dominates social science research. But there is a paucity of studies comparing the impact of sample source type based on composite-based theoretical model relationships. This study empirically tests four different sample sources (e.g. student, crowdsourced, professional panel, and respondent driven social network) to assess…

Participation in research can provide direct and indirect benefit to individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), their caregivers, families, and society at large. Unfortunately, individuals with high support needs, including those with intellectual disability, cognitive disability or minimal verbal ability, are often systematically excluded…

For ease of instruction in the classroom, the one-way analysis of variance F statistic is rewritten in terms of pairwise differences in individual sample means instead of differences of individual sample means from the overall sample mean. Likewise, the Kruskal-Wallis statistic may be rewritten in terms of pairwise differences in individual…

This paper explores three simple data manipulation techniques (synthesis, augmentation, curriculum) for improving abstractive summarization models without the need for any additional data. We introduce a method of data synthesis with paraphrasing, a data augmentation technique with sample mixing, and curriculum learning with two new difficulty…

In this research, multistage adaptive tests (MST) were compared according to sample size, panel pattern and module length for top-down and bottom-up test assembly methods. Within the scope of the research, data from PISA 2015 were used and simulation studies were conducted according to the parameters estimated from these data. Analysis results for…

Mental imagery is a vital cognitive skill that significantly influences how reality is perceived while creating art. Its multifaceted nature reveals various dimensions of creative expression, amplifying the inherent complexities of measuring it. This study aimed to shorten the Mental Imagery Scale in Artistic Creativity (MISAC) via the Ant Colony…

When planning a cluster randomized trial, evaluators often have access to an enumerated cohort representing the target population of clusters. Practicalities of conducting the trial, such as the need to oversample clusters with certain characteristics in order to improve trial economy or support inferences about subgroups of clusters, may preclude…