With the rise of wearable technologies, mobile devices and artificial intelligence comes a growing pressure to understand downstream effects of cognitive offloading on children's future thinking and behavior. Here, we explored whether compelling children to use an indiscriminate cognitive offloading strategy affects their subsequent strategy…

Studies of hemispheric specialization have traditionally cast the left hemisphere as specialized for language and the right hemisphere for spatial function. Much of the supporting evidence for this separation of function comes from studies of healthy adults and those who have sustained lesions to the right or left hemisphere. However, we know…

This study examined elementary science teacher candidates' (TCs') ability to notice and interpret students' sensemaking and science ideas by analyzing written responses to classroom-based assessments implemented at the end of mini-units during their field placements. TCs were enrolled in a 16-week science methods course at a Midwestern university…

Existing research has revealed key factors influencing mathematical flexibility, defined as the capacity to understand, generate, and apply a variety of strategies in solving mathematical problems. However, there is currently a lack of an integrated theoretical framework to systematically consolidate various sources of individual differences in…

Cognitive presence is essential for deep and meaningful learning, yet developing it poses challenges. Theoretically, peer-led teaching presence can enhance cognitive presence, but research on this facilitation is limited. This study used behavioural sequence analysis to investigate how peer-led teaching presence promotes cognitive presence…

With the continuous development of society and the increasing intensity of competition, academic stress and mental internal friction among college students have become increasingly prominent. This study aimed to explore the relationships and underlying mechanisms among academic involution, mental internal friction, academic stress, and rumination…

Fine motor skills (FMS) have been intensely studied in developmental contexts, with little attention to their empirical structure and developmental changes. We tested the factor structure of FMS on 5- to 10 year old children in two cohorts from 2020 to 2023, beginning in kindergarten and grade 2 and followed up 1 year later (n = 240 and 310, 49.7%…

We report results from two experiments that examined the time course of vigilance decrements during a demanding multitasking scenario. Specifically, we implemented a novel paradigm in two experiments in which a total of 123 participants performed a go-no-go target detection continuous performance test (CPT) task simultaneously with a driving-based…

This study investigates the effect of cognitive control strategies on young children's emotional and attentional states during coding learning. We conducted a quasi-experimental study with 46 children aged 5-6 years, dividing them into an experimental group using cognitive control strategies (planning, monitoring, reflecting) and a control group…

Background: Adverse experiences -- such as abuse and neglect -- occurring during childhood and adolescence have been found to predict poorer mental and cognitive health. Social adversities, including bullying and social exclusion, are likely to be particularly salient during adolescence. However, our understanding of how social adversities…

Despite extensive research on motivational factors in academic performance, little is known about the role of ongoing conscious thought. Mind-wandering has been linked with poor educational outcomes, yet can also benefit goal-directed behaviour. We reasoned that mind-wandering should benefit exam performance under certain motivational conditions,…

Children articulate their emotions and experiences through drawings and the colours they incorporate into them. This study investigated the relationship between preschool children's colour preferences, the emotions those colours elicit, and how they convey their emotions and thoughts through drawings. The participants, comprising 30 children (19…

This critical literature review examines how classroom design influences attention, regulation, and learning in early childhood education (ECE). Combining Montessori pedagogy with Bronfenbrenner's theories as a conceptual framework, this review considers biopsychosocial impacts of physical classroom spaces. Experimental classroom research…

Research on embodied cognition acknowledges that cognitive processing is tightly coupled with bodily activities and the environment. An important implication for education is that learning can be enhanced when the brain, body, and environment mutually influence each other, such as when making or observing human actions, especially those involving…

Background: We evaluated cognitive accessibility of the VIA Inventory of Strengths Youth short form with adults with intellectual disability for use in strengths-based practice. Methods: We conducted cognitive testing with adults with intellectual disability (n = 33; M age = 36.2; range: 20.4-64.2). Data were coded for the extent to which (1)…