For 75 children aged 6 months to 3 years, observed expressions of children's fear and adult caregivers' responses to children's distress in public areas such as shopping malls. Found that 61% of the children responded by crying when frightened. Caregivers responded by picking up the frightened child 41% of the time. (MDM)

The Occupational Work Ethic Inventory was completed by 2,232 of 2,274 industry workers. Comparison of 5 age groups revealed that workers aged 36 to 55 had higher scores on the ambitious dimension, suggesting they are less apathetic, irresponsible, and negligent and more conscientious, enthusiastic, hard working, independent, persistent, and…

Asserts that males are somewhat inexpressive with their feelings. Notes that male avenues of expressiveness are different from those employed by females and perhaps different from the expectations of therapists. Contends that therapeutic intervention for males will be enhanced by exploration of counseling paradigms which compliment these different…

Responds to previous article by Waring et al. on controlled trial of cognitive marital therapy in severe marital discord. Focuses on suggestion of possibility that self-disclosure of personal constructs does not enhance marital intimacy. Contends that important reason why cognitive marital therapy did not prove more effective for subjects was lack…

First- and second-order confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to evaluate the factorial validity of scores on two positive affect (PA) measurement instruments and a multidimensional representation of PA using a sample of 232 undergraduates. Both measures were well represented by multifactorial models, and each was represented well by a…

A study of 2,505 workers indicated that co-worker social support enhances job satisfaction. Affective and instrumental support are both beneficial. However, neither type buffers the negative effects of job stress on satisfaction. (SK)

Proposes a model to study the interaction between cognition and affect in mathematics. Develops important dimensions related to affect and cognition. Explains the importance of taking into account such dimensions in this kind of research, referring to students who are failing academically through a case study. (Contains 21 references.) (Author/ASK)

Data collected from 26 therapists who were treating patients when they died by suicide were used to identify intense affective states in such patients preceding the suicide. Eleven therapists provided comparable data on 26 patients they had treated who were seriously depressed but not suicidal. Although the two groups had similar numbers diagnosed…

A fundamental problem that organisms face in a changing environment is how to regulate dynamically the balance between stable maintenance and flexible switching of goals and cognitive sets. The authors show that positive affect plays an important role in the regulation of this stability-flexibility balance. In a cognitive set-switching paradigm,…

Resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) was assessed among 111 adult participants. These individuals were then asked to watch a positive or negative affective film in either a natural manner or while exaggerating their facial response. Facial reactions to the film were video-recorded and subsequently rated in terms of facial affect.…

The Feedback Environment, as opposed to the formal performance appraisal process, is comprised of the daily interactions between members of an organization (Steelman, Levy, & Snell, in press). Relations between the feedback environment and work outcome variables such as Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) were examined through the mediating…

This study examined the moderating role of the individual differences of goal orientation and affectivity on self-efficacy development. Consistent with hypotheses, results indicate that both positive and negative affectivity moderate the impact of an enactive mastery training program on efficacy development, with those higher in positive…

In this paper, we explore the idea of weak ties in networked learning. We go back to the original conception of the strength of weak ties and relate this to Bakhtin and a dialogic understanding of networked learning. These theoretical ideas are applied to the examination of two networked settings in which educational leaders exchange ideas and…

The purpose of this study is to examine the problem behavior and self-medication models of alcohol abuse in incarcerated male adolescents. Male adolescents (N = 56) incarcerated in a juvenile correction facility were administered a battery of psychological measures. Approximately 84% of adolescents with clinically significant alcohol-related…

To understand experiences of incarcerated pregnant women, 25 pregnant women in a state prison were interviewed. Responses were coded for frequency and intensity of narrative themes. Psychological distress and recall of past relationships with mothers were assessed using questionnaires. Participants reported moderate depression and high hostility…