Right-handed subjects listened to music with one ear and received subliminal words in the other. The words emerged in subjects' reported imagery of the music more when the words were presented to the right ear (left brain hemisphere). A second experiment eliminated the music. (SJL)

Examines sexism in written and oral language and recommends twelve steps to avoid sexist attitudes in the use of both kinds of communication. (DA)

Witelson found that boys but not girls showed right-hemisphere specialization for tactile-spatial processing as early as six years. Witelson's task was administered to 46 normal four- and five-year olds. Both sexes showed right-hemisphere specialization. No sex differences appeared either in specialization or in overall performance. (Author/SJL)

Reports that children between the ages of two and a half and eight made a significant distinction between "male" and "female" occupations, with the extent of the distinction increasing with age level. Discusses the implications of this for career decisions and aspirations. (Author/ST)

Assessed perceptions of male and female roles held by undergraduate social work students. Perception of the Ideal Woman as wife and mother was compared with extrafamily values, i.e., perception of the Ideal Woman as career oriented. Students had perceptions of women's and men's roles that basically were not stereotypical. (Author)

Examined imagery questionnaires and addressed issues of reliability, agreement among questionnaires, social desirability, and construct validity. The Betts and Gordon scales and the Paivio Individual Differences Questionnaire were examined. Reliability of the Paivio inventory was satisfactory and equivalent to other imagery questionnaires. Imagery…

Social climate of residential alcoholism programs was assessed using Community-Oriented Programs Environment Scale (COPES). COPES perceptions were independent of patient background, psychosocial functioning, and alcohol-related characteristics. In conjunction with previous research, results indicate perceptions of social climate of treatment…

Subjects responded to questionnaires and rated events in the Social Readjustment Rating Scale. Some were given psychophysical training before rating events. Training did not have significant effect on ratings. Stressfulness ratings were consistently higher than those of social readjustment. Data suggest this effect interacted with the events…

Compared male and female managers' communication style with subordinates in staff meetings. A category system was developed for coding communicative behaviors. Managers were administered the Bem Sex Role Inventory. Results indicated that male and female managers demonstrated similar communication styles and similar masculine perceptions of…

Use of Carkhuff level 3 response, a Carkhuff level 5 response, and probing with regard to perceived helpfulness were investigated by having inmates view videotapes of eight role-played counselor-inmate interactions. The level 5 response was perceived as the most helpful, followed by probing and the level 3 response. (Author)

Group differences were not found for the elderly salient events; elderly adults perceived death-related events as less stressful than did younger adults. (Author)

Sixteen adult stutterers were randomly assigned to one of two groups: awareness training plus regulated-breathing or Azrin and Nunn's regulated-breathing method only. Awareness training significantly reduced stuttering compared to the control procedure. But the most significant improvement appeared after introduction of the regulated-breathing…

Provides an introduction to research on the basic components of cognitive skill. Perceptual processing and representation, the components of long- and short-term memory, and the nature of attention, mental performance, and consciousness are discussed. A 101-item reference list is provided. (JL)

The relationship between cognitive restructuring and perception of the upright (tests of which may be used to measure field dependence-independence [FDI]) was investigated. Data analysis of 34 tests administered to high school seniors, including 12 measures of FDI, resulted in five dimensions, including two associated with FDI. (Author/AEF)

The article focuses on how the role of school psychologists is being influenced by litigation and legislation and how school psychology is reevaluating its professional standards and ethics. (DB)