Investigates possible structural interference of background television with the working memory subsystem. Finds that when participants were instructed in specific memory techniques to use in the visuo-spatial working memory task, background television had a significant negative effect on performance; although when participants chose their own…

It is argued that skills displayed by savants are not intelligent and that H. Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences fails by overstating the relevance of savant skills and because it disregards research evidence for a general factor. Intelligence theory must compile a structure that accounts for savant skills and intelligence. (SLD)

Provides an overview of the positions taken by both sides in the dispute of "false memory." Then presents major findings of several professional task forces charged with reviewing the controversy and arriving at recommendations for research, clinical practice, and forensic practice regarding delayed recall of memories for sexual abuse.…

Studied the interrelationships among general fluid intelligence, short-term memory capacity, working memory capacity, and processing speed in 120 young adults and used structural equation modeling to determine the best predictor of general fluid intelligence. Results suggest that working memory capacity, but not short-term memory capacity or…

Investigated the relationship between P300 or P3 event-related brain potential and cognitive development by assessing contributions of short-term memory to changes in component amplitude and latency in 5- to 14-year-old children. Results suggested that cognitive development is indexed by decreases in P300 latency. (SAK)

Investigated performance on Russell revision of Wechsler Memory Scale and Digit Span subtest of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale by right-handed males with lateralized anterior and posterior brain lesions. Prediction that laterality and caudality of lesions would affect memory task performance was fully supported for the logical memory task and…

Illustrates the applicability of temperamental constructs to personality theory by mapping key temperament constructs onto Cognitive-Experiential Self-Theory (CEST). Examines the role of temperament in shaping experiences, and looks at the implications for education and socialization that stem from the synthesis of temperament constructs and…

States that key aspects of "memoria," the ancient Art of Memory, especially its focus on vivid representational images set against distinct backgrounds, can be helpful in creating memorable, universal, and easily retrievable computer icons. (PA)

Examined the nature of three- and four-year-olds' understanding of various mental representations, using story protagonists who held mental representations (beliefs, pretenses, and memories) that contradicted reality. Results suggest that young children conceptualize pretense as involving mental representations and that they have more difficulty…

This study investigated (1) whether attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) is associated with executive functioning (EF) deficits while controlling for oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder (ODD/CD), (2) whether ODD/CD is associated with EF deficits while controlling for AD/HD, and (3) whether a combination of AD/HD and ODD/CD…

Purpose: Diagnosis of dementia in its early stages presents a window of opportunity for examining the immediate and long-term consequences of the illness at a point when the individual with memory loss can still participate in decision making. Design and Methods: Memory Club is a l0-session group program designed to provide information about…