This cross-sectional investigation focused on second language (L2) communication among students in a junior high French late immersion program. Effects of language, sex, and grade on willingness to communicate, anxiety, and perceived communication competence, on frequency of communication in French, and on attitudes and motivation variables were…

Describes bilingual/bicultural programs being developed in New Zealand which embrace the Maori culture and nationalism through such approaches as "language nests" for preschool children and their parents or primary grade immersion programs. Social studies guidelines emphasizing Maori culture are also discussed. (Author/CB)

A discussion of past and future research on immersion instruction focuses on the following areas: product variables, teaching and learning processes, and teacher education. It is found that the "product" emphasis of research in the 1980s has shifted to encompass administrative, instructional, testing, and program design issues. (91 references)…

Describes several preschool, elementary, and high school Maori immersion and bilingual programs in New Zealand, focusing on how the programs define and establish Maori space in the schools, local and tribal concerns, and the basis for the revitalization of the language. (29 references) (Author/CB)

Responds to Dunn's monograph on Hispanic-Anglo differences in IQ scores. Discusses the cultural/linguistic bias in IQ tests, and the inevitability of this bias due to methods of test development and standardization. Criticizes Dunn's proposal for English immersion programs to replace bilingual education. Contains 21 references. (Author/SV)

The design, implementation, and evaluation of a British Columbia program to retrain French teachers in immersion instruction is described. The program's impetus was the need for pedagogically qualified and linguistically competent immersion teachers. (21 references) (Author/MSE)

Describes a cooperative effort between a university school of education faculty and a local high school in Canada. The professor agreed to teach two units of a social studies class and share her impressions, thoughts, and suggestions with the teaching staff. Discusses her findings, interactions with the staff, and subsequent developments. (MJP)

Describes the various steps taken to organize and implement a five-week French summer institute for secondary teachers of French, involving a three-week stay in France. The article details program objectives, course content, administration of the Institute, budget considerations, participants' progress, the evaluation process, and the…

Examines the problems associated with interlanguage in French immersion and how teachers can use the writing process to help students develop the target language. It is suggested that language can be mediated through conferencing sessions, and in so doing, propel students into their zone of proximal development. (15 references) (Author/CK)

Summarizes a 4-year longitudinal study of over 2,000 elementary students. Compares three alternative instructional programs for Spanish-speaking, limited-English-proficient (LEP) students: structured English-immersion strategy; early exit bilingual programs; and late-exit bilingual programs. Primary language instruction seems beneficial to LEP…

Describes the Canadian program of French immersion in terms of current issues in the theory of second-language (L2) learning, including the role of consciousness, optimal timing of L2 learning, communicative competency classification, and the role of the first language. Implications for L2 pedagogy and requirements for a new language pedagogy are…

Describes the Punana Leo Immersion Schools in Hawai'i, founded in 1983 by a group of Hawai'ian-language educators concerned about the impending extinction of their language. A second part describes two of the teachers and their philosophy about imparting language skill through spirit and culture. Sidebar describes the Advocates for Indigenous…

Reports a study of Japanese students learning English in Japan. Supports the notion that the necessity to communicate forces learners to notice linguistic problems, and that noticing a problem can push learners to modify their original input. Through this cognitive process, learners acquire second languages, especially the ability to produce oral…

Extends the research on academic outcomes of second-language immersion schooling by comparing children's early experiences in and understanding of regular and French-immersion kindergartners through script analysis. Sixty-four female and 56 male kindergarten children were asked to tell about kindergarten from the time they got to school until the…

Describes development of POSTECH Live-in English program (PLEP), a five-week intensive-English program at Pohang University of Science and Technology (South Korea) originally designed in 1996 to improve students' English skills and cultural awareness through intensive program of formal instruction with native English teachers. Focuses on reporting…