Interest in physiology/cognition relations is increasing, in step with the realization that the individual ages as a whole, adaptive, living system. If a physiological system declines, a person's cognitive abilities may be reduced, unless some compensatory mechanism operates. Understanding this set of relationships permits potential interventions.…

Much research has found that information encoded according to its self-relevance is more easily recalled than information encoded according to other formats. Two experiments were conducted to examine potential moderators of the processes involved in self-relevant memory. In the first study, the hypothesis was tested that self-relevant encoding is…

Recent research has clearly indicated that intoxication with alcohol impairs memory. The present study investigated the effects of alcohol on retrieval from long-term memory by using a set of cognitive decision tasks. Subjects (N=24) were female college students in good health not taking oral contraceptives. Subjects were administered 0 or 1.0…

Three groups of fourth graders who differed on a metamemory pre-test were compared on five working memory tasks to explore the relationship between metamemorial knowledge, total processing space (M-space) and working memory span performance. Children in each group received three versions of each task on concurrent days. It was hypothesized that…

Melodic memory appears to be founded on building blocks that are memorized in terms of style-specific ordering rules, melodic prototypes, and memory strategies. Ordering rules concern musical form and construction, while melodic strategies involve sequences of several notes. This paper reports on research studies undertaken to test these concepts…

To determine whether preschool children's memory for unfamiliar faces could be facilitated by giving them orienting information about faces, 4- and 5-year-old subjects were told that they were going to play a guessing game in which they would be looking at faces and guessing which ones they had seen before. In study 1, 6 boys and 6 girls within…

The aims of this study were (1) to assess the relative effectiveness of verbal and visual elaboration prompts and question-answering prompts on children's incidental memory, and (2) to determine whether performance improvement associated with pictorial elaboration could be augmented by either verbal elaboration or question-answering procedures.…

The issue of whether information to which little or no attention is paid can have lasting effects is of interest to psychologists as well as educators and advertisers. Two experiments were designed to examine whether focused attention is required, whether the immediate memory task is important, or whether subjects' knowledge that repetitions are…

The study was designed to evaluate a hypothesis derived from recent trends in cognitive theory. The hypothesis concerned whether spatial environment information stored in memory is primarily analog or propositional. A related question concerned whether differences between analog and propositional processes underlie individual differences in the…

The role of variation as a determinant of infant categorical responding was investigated in three studies of infants 7 to 7 1/2 months of age. Sixty-three infants, divided into groups of 21 each, were habituated to color slide poses of either one, two, or six different adult female faces. Their responses to a novel pose of a familiar face and a…

This study investigates whether the use of Superlearning to teach rare English words produces retention scores significantly different than Ebbinghaus's 'normal' forgetting curve. Superlearning techniques are adaptations by Ostrander and Schroeder of Lozanov's Suggestopaedic methods to tap reserve human potential. Six course sections of University…

In two experiments, learning disabled (LD) students were taught attributes of North American minerals via mnemonic instruction, free study, or a visual-spatial display condition similar to that proposed by Engelmann and Carnine (1982). In the first experiement, 36 junior high school-age LD students were taught specific attribute values (hardness =…

Analyzes free recall verbal learning by 5- and 8-year-old children by selectively reminding them only of items not recalled on the preceding trial to show learning by retrieval from long-term storage without presentation. (Author/ED)

The purpose of this experiment was to test a proposal by Paivio (1971) that visual memory images are specialized for parallel or spatiol processing, whereas verbal memory codes are specialized for sequential or temporal processing. (Author)

The short-term recall of word-triads was tested, comparing retention over three types of intervals within 24 preschoolers. Results suggest that the condition effect in short-term recall did not disrupt the long-term storage of the items. (Author/CS)