This paper was intended to promote a deeper understanding of a statistical method called balancing developed by National Assessment of Educational Progress. Problems in estimating main effects when populations are disproportionate, balancing solutions to these problems, methods equivalent to balancing, interpretation of balanced results, and some…

While debates over the heritability of IQ and the potential for culture bias in measuring instruments have generated much research and public comment, it is also possible to investigate the significance of interracial differences in mean IQ by ignoring both the foregoing issues and instead examining the social psychology of the test situation…

Three evaluators with different backgrounds and interests were involved in a program evaluation at Cornell University's Center for International Studies, where two of the evaluators had serious conflicts and the third served as an in-house mediator. The third evaluator questioned why he had credibility with the first two, looked at how he…

A 15-stage pyramidal test and a 40-item two-stage test were constructed and administered by computer to 111 college undergraduates. The two-stage test was found to utilize a smaller proportion of its potential score range than the pyramidal test. Score distributions for both tests were positively skewed but not significantly different from the…

A study was designed to test the expectation that different individuals have different cognitive styles, which, if true, may be useful in investigating characteristics and psychological impacts of media utilization. Cognitive style refers to an individual's way of acquiring and processing information. Characteristics of the visual type and haptic…

A study was made to determine whether different methods of visual presentations would affect the retention rate of individuals with two distinct types of perception--visual and haptic. The visual type, according to a study by Viktor Lowenfeld in 1957, is marked by the following characteristics: (1) ability to see wholes, break them into visual…

In this study an attempt was made to measure variables which were expected to be related to individual differences in infants' social responsiveness toward strangers. The subjects were 48 infants (24 boys and 24 girls) between 8 and 13 months of age. Most were children of Cornell University faculty or graduate students, but a broad range of…

Does nutritional deficiency retard psychological development? The Tulane Nutrition Study reports the first segment of its research based on extensive analysis of psychological and nutritional data gathered predominately on children who attended five, 6-week Head Start programs. Scores on a battery of eight psychological tests and two hematological…

The Proceedings begin with Dean Joshua Fishman's welcoming remarks. Dr. Norman Gordon introduces environmental deprivation and enrichment. Individual differences in the effects of early experience on later behavior are Dr. Donald Forgays' subject, whose paper is discussed by Dr. Lawrence Plotkin. Dr. Kenneth Clark analyzes the "cult of…

If any one fact has emerged consistently in the International Project for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) studies of educational achievements, it is that achievement is related to a variety of factors in the home background of children. This is true so far as differences in the achievements of single students within a country are…

The reported research was designed to investigate the impact of learner control on performance and anxiety in a computer assisted instruction task. This, the third phase of a project, substituted pictorial mediators for mnemonic devices as the facilitating variable in an instruction program on edible plants. Four experimental groups were formed…

A research project introduced changes into the kindergarten and 1st grade instructional programs of a developmental school. The purposes were to implement an adaptive instructional system which would teach children the basic psychological processes relevant to 1st grade reading and math achievement and which would accommodate individual…

This article describes an unusual program that has been developed without the use of federal funds, a new high school English curriculum that is in its third year of operation. In all, 50 courses are offered for students' pre-registration. Each student chooses six nine-week, one-quarter credit courses. He is assured of being enrolled in a minimum…

The effectiveness of the Delphi Technique is evaluated in terms of immediate and delayed controlled information feedback (feedback within 5 seconds as compared with a 24-hour delay); and the relationships that exist among measures of integrative complexity, estimations about the time of occurrence of future events, and time delay between task…

Teachers in the Tucson Early Childhood Education Model (TEEM) are being encouraged to employ "the professional response" in classroom interactions to stimulate pupil thinking. The teacher uses the professional response when she responds to a child in such a way as to invite him to recall previous experiences and to predict in terms of these, to…