Mediation analysis in Single Case Experimental Designs (SCEDs) evaluates intervention mechanisms for individuals. Despite recent methodological developments, no clear guidelines exist for maximizing power to detect the indirect effect in SCEDs. This study compares frequentist and Bayesian methods, determining (1) minimum required sample size to…

Small sample sizes pose a severe threat to convergence and accuracy of between-group level parameter estimates in multilevel structural equation modeling (SEM). However, in certain situations, such as pilot studies or when populations are inherently small, increasing samples sizes is not feasible. As a remedy, we propose a two-stage regularized…

Research into the use of virtual reality (VR) for educational purposes is increasing, but most of the existing literature focuses on the positive effects of VR on users, with its possible negative effects remaining underexplored. An inadequate understanding of the negative effects can put users at risk. To address this research gap, the main…

Virtual reality (VR) training programs have seen substantial growth due to their ability to improve trainee learning outcomes. Despite this, there is a noticeable gap in the availability of conceptual frameworks that incorporate social learning theories as a basis for creating VR-based safety training programs. This research aims to address this…

This study conducted a comprehensive comparison of Item Response Theory (IRT) linking methods applied to a bifactor model, examining their performance on both multiple choice (MC) and mixed format tests within the common item nonequivalent group design framework. Four distinct multidimensional IRT linking approaches were explored, consisting of…

There is an increasing international focus on multi-user virtual reality (VR) training for all emergency medical technicians within the framework of their respective disaster medical preparedness initiatives. While multiuser VR is often deployed in a variety of digital educational settings, it has not been meaningfully explored in emergency…

In this article, we preliminarily discuss the limitations of current video conferencing platforms in online synchronous learning. Research has shown that while the involved technologies are appropriate for collaborative video calls, they often fail to replicate the rich nature of face-to-face interactions among students and between students and…

Observational feedback refers to feedback in learning settings that requires observations of student actions. Existing feedback models provide limited insight into the way teachers generate such observational feedback. Addressing this gap, this exploratory study investigates how experienced nursing teachers generate observational feedback in…

Several primary studies have documented the positive effect of virtual field trips on students' academic achievement, while others have reported inconsistent results. Therefore, this three-level meta-analysis examined the effect of virtual field trips on the academic achievement of students from primary to tertiary education levels, addressing the…

This paper describes a short ion flow activity that can be completed within one lab or lecture session. The activity is focused on the core concept of flow-down gradients and is geared toward undergraduates. No previous knowledge of equilibrium potentials or membrane potentials is required. Students are guided through a set of questions that build…

With the deepening advancement of informatization, higher education has embraced new technology educational tools. However, the superficiality and overemphasis on theory in China's industrial design education are facing significant challenges. Immersive industrial design instruction offers possibility for enhancing students' learning experiences,…

A 2016 field study conducted in collaboration with the Houston Police Department reported that simultaneous lineups were diagnostically superior to sequential lineups, that confidence was strongly predictive of accuracy, and that high-confidence suspect identifications were highly reliable. The study also estimated that most lineups (65%)…

This study focuses on the application of virtual reality (VR) technology in the field of vocal music training. The author explored VR's application effect and provided references for the modernization of vocal music education. The author constructed a VR vocal music training system, elaborated on its hardware and software components and functions…

This study examined the impact of Augmented Reality (AR) technology on learning achievement among first-year university students in safety education contexts within a Chinese higher education setting. The research employed a one-group pretest-posttest pre-experimental design involving 30 first-year university students during the first semester of…

The objective of the present study was to examine if the Outcome Bias also occurs in pilots flying under instrument flight rules (IFR). In a scenario-based survey, 60 pilots evaluated weather-related decisions made by hypothetical pilots. Participants rated the decisions as better, less risky, and regarded the probability that they would have made…