This article provides a section-by-section analysis of Title IX and suggests a legal framework in which to evaluate separate or different treatment of the sexes in the activities to which it applies. (Author)

The degree of proof needed for conviction in a criminal action (which is "proof beyond a reasonable doubt") is greater than the proof needed to obtain a judgment in a teacher-dismissal civil action (which is "a preponderance of the evidence"). (Author)

When the Freedom of Information Act of 1966 was amended, despite President Ford's veto, expectations for improved access to federal agency records were high. This report details the manner in which information seekers, particularly members of the media, were deterred from using the act by nine loopholes in the 1966 law. In addition, the process…

Supreme Court interpretations of the First Amendment have allowed congressional regulation of broadcasting. This report discusses governmental regulation of the mass communication media, especially in the area where restrictions are most numerous--television. Specifically, the following topics are examined: Supreme Court litigation regarding…

Two legal problems highlighted by the DeFunis litigation are: (1) the proper role of race in undergraduate admissions; and (2) the procedure of underground graduate admissions. (Author/KE)

Traces background of Indiana's ammended Rule 13 (included) and explores practical and legal problems, actual and potential, presented by its requirement of 54 semester hours in 14 different course areas. (JT)

This legal case may answer some questions for lawyers on the limits to which desegregation may be carried under the backing of the Brown decision, yet it raises several specific questions that educators and educational researchers ought to address concerning factors that contribute to effective integration. (AM)

Recent social scientific interest in juror selection has advanced the "voir dire" (jury selection) process beyond Clarence Darrow's formula for choosing a jury likely to be sympathetic to his client. From a communication perspective, generalization to different cases in different sections of the country and under different conditions…

Noting that while much has been said about privacy and the defense of newsworthiness in legal cases involving the unauthorized publication of true but embarrassing facts, this paper points out that there appear to be only three broadly distinguishable--and largely disparate--theories of privacy and newsworthiness, none of them in circulation long…

Arguments presented against securing computer programs by copyright are centered on the question of whether computer programs qualify under the U.S. Constitutional meaning as "works of authorship," which may be protected by copyright. The possibility that the protection of computer programs by copyright might have an undesirable impact…

This symposium focused on the social, political, and ethical implications of the current trends in genetic research. Four papers are presented here along with transcripts of the accompanying discussions. The topics include: (1) genetics and the biological basis of the human condition; (2) the pros and cons of genetic counseling; (3) genetics and…

A short fictional work for limited English speakers relates a young couple's experience in learning about small claims court through an incident involving damage to the husband's leather jacket. The damage to the jacket occurred when it was left at a dry clearner, but the dry cleaner claims that it sent the jacket to a special cleaner that handles…

This paper presented as part of a symposium on Issues in the Design and Implementation of Computer-Based Student Information Systems focuses on the ethical and legal aspects of these systems. It provides an update of the Buckley Amendment or Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) and a reminder of related codes of ethics. Four…

The events surrounding legal challenges to minimum competency testing programs are described, and ways of coping with the experiences are suggested. Discussion primarily is based on five legal challenges to the Florida program although reference is made to suits in other states for contrast. Whenever a student is faced with a threat to promotion…