The effect of repetitive training on learned behavior has been an important subject in neuroscience. In instrumental conditioning in mammals, learned action early in training is often goal-driven and controlled by outcome expectancy, but as training progresses, it becomes more habitual and insensitive to outcome devaluation. Similarly, we recently…

Preschool children experience a variety of risk factors that could result in the development of more severe mental and behavioral health issues later in life. Simple, teacher-delivered interventions, such as behavior-specific praise, are effective for altering at-risk preschool children's behavioral trajectory. However, preschool teachers are…

This article describes the rationale given by many faith-based institutions of higher education for creating and promoting leadership programs. A brief overview of the history of faith based educational institutions is followed by an explanation of the motivations of several different schools for creating and funding leadership programs, as well…

This article makes a case for the need of graduate leadership curricula, including professional programs such as health care, law, and engineering. Diversity, equity, and inclusion is focused on as a critical piece of this leadership curricula.

This chapter will advance understanding on how leadership learning occurs in graduate and professional school contexts and suggests how social class should be considered in the planning, implementation, and outcomes of preparing individuals to lead in their fields of choice.

Social class identity, namely disadvantaged social class status, as a site for leadership development is explored in this chapter. The authors position the forms of resistance, resource, and savvy disadvantaged students display on campus as opportunities for broader social progress and individual leadership development.

This chapter examines leadership and social class in the context of fraternities and sororities. With no extensive research in this area, recommendations provided may help educators create a plan to address the intersection of social class, leadership education, and membership in a fraternity or sorority.

In this chapter, intersectionality is used as an analytic tool to examine the connections between social class and leadership learning. We emphasize leadership identity, capacity, and efficacy and identify strategies that educators may use to center social class by incorporating intersectionality within culturally relevant leadership learning.

In the present study, two typically developing 4-year-old children, Pete and Joe, were trained six conditional discriminations and tested for the formation of three 3-member equivalence classes. Pete and Joe did not establish the AC relation within 600 trials and were given two conditions of preliminary training, including naming of stimuli with…

It is thought that goal-directed control of actions weakens or becomes masked by habits over time. We tested the opposing hypothesis that goal-directed control becomes stronger over time, and that this growth is modulated by the overall action-outcome contiguity. Despite group differences in action-outcome contiguity early in training, rats…

This paper explores three simple data manipulation techniques (synthesis, augmentation, curriculum) for improving abstractive summarization models without the need for any additional data. We introduce a method of data synthesis with paraphrasing, a data augmentation technique with sample mixing, and curriculum learning with two new difficulty…

The focus of this study was to examine the status of medical cannabis instruction in counselor education curriculum programs. There is evidence to indicate that medical cannabis use may be beneficial in mental health care. However, there is limited research on medical cannabis in counselor education. The following research questions provided a…

In this chapter, the author discusses the role of disequilibrium in leadership development and provides tangible examples of ways to employ theories in designing intentional moments of disequilibrium.

This chapter focuses on notions of identity and followership, and presents a process for follower identity development. As areas separately seeing growth in academic popularity over the years, the author is keen to bring them together in the hope of further enabling students to connect with their own followership identities, much in the way that…

As a discipline, sociology examines cultural and organizational dimensions of human interactions in society that provide the foundation for leadership studies as well as inform the development of leaders.