Memory-based searching was compared in 15 developmentally delayed and 24 normal two-year-olds. In a relatively easy memory task, individual differences were minimal, but searching for a plausible alternative location based on memory revealed marked individual differences and an important difference in the cognitive functioning of the delayed…

Compared the progress of elderly patients at a short-term residential facility. Patients with diagnosed dementia (N=15) showed improvements comparable to patients (N=15) with psychiatric problems but no diagnosed dementia on several skills, while showing little or no progress in other areas. Discusses implications for remediation of skill deficits…

The effects of realism on child and adult memory for computergraphics were examined. Recognition of images showed an unusual pattern of decline over time with the initial advantage for realistic and abstract computergraphics disappearing at a week's delay, while recognition for linear image was superior to that of realistic and abstract.…

A computational model of the neural substrates of elementary associate learning is developed. It is used to demonstrate that several higher order features of classical conditioning could be elaborations of the known cellular mechanisms for simple associative learning. (Author/LMO)

Examines the role that memory plays in the understanding of mathematics. Areas discussed include: retention research; memory and teaching; structure and organization in memory; and transformations in memory. Relevant research and implications for instruction are addressed. (JN)

Examines children's memory for preschool routines as a function of current grade level and successive modifications in the school-day script. First, children in preschool through third grade were tested, then children in kindergarten through third grade. Results showed a process of generalization for preschool scripts over time. (Author/BB)

Examines developmental change in processes used to retrieve information from semantic memory. Twenty-nine 8-, 12-, and 21-year-olds were asked to name as many animals and pieces of furniture as they could in separate 7-minute intervals. Results suggested that information in semantic memory changes with age, but that retrieval processes do not.…

Discusses Russell's (1975) system for administering and scoring the Logical Memory and Visual Reproduction subtests of the Wechsler Memory Scale. Certain innovations such as obtaining a delayed recall appear to be useful, but comparisons with other studies indicate difficulty with the impairment ratings that were devised. (JAC)

Eleven boys at a summer camp were asked to recall the mode, duration, and intensity of their physical activity during the preceding seven days. When compared with their counselor's records, the boys were accurate enough to make seven-day recall applicable as a summary tool of children's total energy expenditure. (Author/MT)

Five studies were carried out to analyze role of short-term storage in reading of organized text. By interrupting the subject's reading with a distractor task, information that was being carried in short-term storage was removed. It was found that this interruption effect could be countered by giving the subject the last one or two sentences that…

Studies the much-debated issue of the role of rote, repetitive rehearsal (maintenance rehearsal) on the establishment of memory traces that outlast the rehearsal process itself. Results show that there is an effect of maintenance rehearsal on long-term recognition performance and that this effect depends on the mental resources devoted to the…

Compared 24 children with Attentional Deficit Disorder to a control group of 17 children with emotional problems (controls) using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised and an adaptation of the Coding subtest to measure short-term visual memory. Results showed superiority of the control group on the short-term visual memory task.…

The article summarizes findings of research on individual differences in reading ability, noting the primary effects of lack of phonological awareness on the ability to phonologically segment, analyze, and synthesize the speech stream. Other sources of individual differences are also addressed: early visual processes, naming processes, context,…

Describes a study which sought to determine whether memory for input language is affected by proficiency in the nondominant language. The subjects were native Hebrew speakers with varying degrees of proficiency in English. Basic and advanced subjects did not score higher with input in their dominant language. (SED)

Discusses results of a study of good and poor third-grade readers that indicates that difficulties with phonetic representation could underlie the inferior sentence comprehension of poor beginning readers. In addition, the finding that these children place greater reliance on immature processing strategies raised further possibility that tempo of…