Behavioral phenotypes of individuals with Williams syndrome and individuals with Down syndrome have been contrasted in relation to short-term memory. People with Down syndrome are stronger visuospatially and those with Williams syndrome are stronger verbally. We examined short-term memory, then explored whether dual-task processing further…

Two disparate research programs have addressed the challenge of instructional multimedia design. One, based on cognitive load theory, has focused on ways of reducing unnecessary cognitive load during instruction to free up resources for learning. The other, based on constructivism, has centered on interactive multimedia, allowing students to build…

Investigates how the wording of questions asked immediately after an event may influence responses to questions asked considerably later. Discussion of the findings develops the thesis that questions asked about an event shortly after it occurs may distort the witness' memory of that event. (RC)

Compared were the free recall performances of 30 learning disabled (LD) and 30 normal children (all in elementary grades) when the level of difficulty and/or the material organization were varied. (Author/DB)

Author reviewed a challenge by Hollan to his "set/net" distinction. (Author/RK)

Twenty-four learning disabled children (ages 8 to 12) were given tests of memory and selective attention in order to highlight the similarities and differences between the two. Ss were found to be sensitive to interfering stimuli especially when the task tapped areas of their weakness. Users of effective cognitive strategies in one type of task…

Young children aged 2-4 years were tested with word recognition lists ina study of their memory development. (ST)

The purpose of this article was to show how Krantz's test (for threshold theories of signal detection) can be applied to examine the discrete-state assumption of the models proposed by Bernbach and Kintsch for recognition memory and to review some critical experimental data. (Author/RK)

In this study, over a series of learning trials of projecting a ball a criterion distance, the hypotheses were tested and confirmed that withdrawal of visual feedback of the flight of the ball would produce a decrement in response recognition but not recall. (JS)

The relationship between automatization ability (the tendency for repetitive routine aspects of behavior to become so overlearned that a minimum of conscious effort and attention is necessary for rapid efficient execution), as measured by the Rapid Automatic Naming (RAN) Test, and proficiency in arithmetic basic fact computation was investigated…

Topic changes in conversation are governed by principles of discourse organization. These principles are highly specified and are identical to those responsible for the organization of memory structures. Of the three levels of organization: (1) universally controlled organization; (2) culturally controlled organization; and (3) idiosyncratic…

An analysis based on an extensive review of the scientific and popular literature indicates that memory enhancement techniques (mnemotechnics) can be used to increase the effectiveness of military training. An overview of the most common memory enhancement techniques provides background for an assessment of the general utility of such techniques…

This postdoctoral program at the Research Laboratory of Electronics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology focused on the study of grammatical factors in sentence retention of short-term memory and included preparation of a paper on "Auditory Processing of Active-Passive Sentential Stimuli" as well as continued studies and readings in the…

The accuracy of the feeling of knowing (FOK) was assessed with regard to recall and recognition under three conditions: advanced or no advanced organizers; learned or non-learned information; and, sex differences. Twenty subjects learned paired-associates and were tested for recall and recognition accompanied by rating of FOK strength. The…