This study investigated the way 12 infants, aged 1 month and 2 months, scanned the still and expressionless faces of their mothers, of strange women, and of strange men. Each infant was placed in a padded head-restraining cradle under a half-silvered mirror which was angled at 45 degrees to enable the child to view an adult's face at an optical…

This paper reports an investigation of the effectiveness of vision screening by the Modified Telebinocular Technique (MTT) when compared to the more cumbersome but highly valid and reliable Modified Clinical Technique (MCT). Data on 102 school children were collected using the MCT. The same children were then given the MTT to establish comparison…

Presented is an abstract of a lecture-workshop presentation on vision problems and their relation to learning, working, living, and health. Areas covered by the author in his lecture are outlined as including the essential tests of the primary vision examination; the value of testing depth perception at the reading distance; the testing and care…

It was discovered a few years ago that a child's capacity for academic learning was partially dependent on visual and audio perception. It was also found that the development of perception in these sensory modalities was sometimes deficient. Educators immediately began to devise programs for perceptual-motor training, but ignored the role of the…

This paper reports initial results in the development of an inventory to measure visual reading difficulties. The instrument, called the Word Preference Inventory (WPI), asks the subject to choose between pairs of stimulus pseudo-words the one most like a given target word. An analysis of responses to the WPI from 922 children in grades K-6 and…

This teacher training module classifies visual channel problems into the following four main areas: visual perception, revisualization (memory), visual-motor (eye-hand coordination), and ocular-motor tasks. Specific deficits are listed under these main headings, behaviors are given to help identify the problem, and ways to improve the condition…

Research indicates that young children seem to have considerable difficulty in discrimination between the letters b, c, p, and q. Also, 4-year-olds appear to commonly make rotation and reversal errors with letter-like forms. Whether young children will perform significantly better or not in deciding whether two shapes are called same or different…

Reported is a study to determine effects of two instructional programs on reading readiness, visual perception, and science process skill attainment. One group received instruction in Part A, A-K level activities of "Science--A Process Approach;" another treatment group received visual perceptual training via the "Frostig Perceptual…

Some general philosophy about maps is presented in the introduction. It is noted that the main purpose of a map is to generate an intellectual response through visual symbols. Quantitative distribution maps present a number of design problems that have led to continuing investigations of graduated circles as point symbols. A summary of the…

The relationship between visual recognition memory and performance on a paired-associate task for good and poor readers was investigated. Subjects were three groups of 21, 21, and 22 children each, with mean IQ's of 98.2, 108.1, and 118.0, respectively. Three experimental tasks, individually administered to each subject, measured visual…

An application method for evaluating the visual significance of reflected glare is described, based upon a number of decisions with respect to the relative importance of various aspects of visual performance. A standardized procedure for evaluating the overall effectiveness of lighting from photometric data on materials or installations is needed…

The series is a collection of translations from the Soviet literature of the past 25 years on research in the psychology of mathematical instruction and the related methods of teaching mathematics. The aim of the series is to acquaint educators and teachers with directions, ideas, and accomplishments in the psychology of mathematics instruction in…

Forty-two nursery school children were exposed to two procedures designed to assess their discrimination of orientation. Under one procedure, subjects had no difficulty in discriminating between stimuli which differed only in orientation. Under a second procedure, where color and size of stimuli were also varied, orientation proved to be a…

Cognitive categories in infants that have relevance for linguistic development were investigated. "Agent" and "recipient," the categories chosen, are relational categories which by definition involve action. This experiment explored infants' (48 males, 14-24 months of age) sensitivity to certain "action parameters" of events. The question of…

In the design of visual simulation equipment for training systems, one key decision is the nature of the image storage medium to be used. One consideration in this complex issue is the adequacy of the depth cues which can be derived from imagery based on two- rather than three-dimensional sources. Although motion parallax is a relatively minor…