While studies of college-level readers have yielded evidence both for and against the use of phonological or speech recoding in the recognition of written words, no consistent picture of when recoding occurs has yet emerged. However, one model, the adjunct access model, can account for the previous research findings. According to this model,…

A new test designed to detect an hereditary eye disease called retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is described. This condition is revealed by pigmentation in the retina, but early diagnosis is difficult because the symptoms are subtle, and since it is genetically recessive it frequently occurs in families with no history of early blindness. In many cases…

DYSLEXIA IS DEFINED AS A FORM OF VERBAL AMNESIA IN WHICH THE PATIENT HAS LOST THE MEMORY OF THE CONVENTIONAL MEANING OF GRAPHIC SYMBOLS. DEVELOPMENTAL DYSLEXIA HAS LONG BEEN THE SUBJECT OF PROFESSIONAL DISPUTES IN MEDICINE, EDUCATION, AND PSYCHOLOGY. THE BOOK TRACES THE GROWTH OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT DYSLEXIA AND DESCRIBES CONFLICTING IDEAS AS TO…

THIS ARTICLE PRESENTS BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PROPER SCHOOL LIGHTING, DRAWING DIRECTLY FROM THE NEW "AMERICAN STANDARD GUIDE FOR SCHOOL LIGHTING." PRINCIPLES FOR PROVIDING A COMFORTABLE AND EFFICIENT VISUAL ENVIRONMENT ARE THESE--(1) ANY SCHOOL LIGHTING SYSTEM SHOULD BE DESIGNED IN SUCH A MANNER THAT IT WILL CONTRIBUTE TO A CHEERFUL, FRIENDLY, AND…

A STUDY OF PERCEPTION USED A SAMPLE OF 325 CEREBRAL PALSIED CHILDREN (211 WERE SPASTIC, 114 WERE ATHETOID) AND 110 NORMAL CHILDREN. ALL CHILDREN WERE BETWEEN SIX AND 16 YEARS OF AGE AND OF NORMAL INTELLIGENCE. TO INVESTIGATE PERCEPTUAL DISTURBANCES, SIX TESTS WERE ADMINISTERED--THE TACTUAL MOTOR TEST, THE SYRACUSE VISUAL FIGURE BACKGROUND TEST…

THE INTEGRATION OF WORDS AND PICTURES IN THE TWO STUDIES REPORTED IN THIS VOLUME WAS ACCOMPLISHED UNCONVENTIONALLY. IN ONE STUDY, AN ENTIRE TOPIC, ARCHIMEDES' LAW, WAS COVERED IN A SELF-CONTAINED, ENTIRELY PICTORIAL LESSON AND ALSO IN A SELF-CONTAINED, ENTIRELY VERBAL LESSON. STUDENTS ACQUIRED ALL THE CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES MAKING UP ARCHIMEDES'…

THE CHANGING ROLES OF THREE VISUAL-SPATIAL ABILITIES (SPATIAL ORIENTATION, VISUALIZATION, AND PERCEPTUAL SPEED) IN THE PERFORMANCE OF GROSS MOTOR SKILLS AT SUCCESSIVE STAGES DURING THE LEARNING PERIOD WERE STUDIED. THE SUBJECTS CONSISTED OF 48 WOMEN, AGES 17 TO 24, WHO WERE EQUALLY ASSIGNED TO EITHER OF TWO SECTIONS AND SUBDIVIDED INTO THREE…

THE PROBLEM OF THE RESEARCH WAS TO STUDY THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERCEPTION AND COGNITION FACTORS IN THE GROWING CHILD. A CENTRAL TASK WAS TO DEVELOP AN INSTRUMENT FOR ASSESSING THE DEVELOPMENT OF SIZE CONSTANCY IN A PROCEDURE IN WHICH THE EFFECTS OF COGNITIVE ACTIVITY COULD BE EITHER CONTROLLED OR EVALUATED. USING A NUMBER OF CONSIDERATIONS, THE…

This paper reports the major findings and interprets the results of longitudinal and cross-sectional exPeriments concerning the development of visual accommodation in infants 1 to 3 months of age. The stimulus was a high-contrast, random checkerboard which was presented at three different distances from the infants (25, 50 or 100 cm). The physical…

LIGHTING RECOMMENDATIONS ALONG WITH DESIGN IMPLICATIONS ARE DISCUSSED. COMMENTS OF SEVERAL LEADING LIGHTING AUTHORITIES ARE INCLUDED. A SERIES OF LIGHTING CONSIDERATIONS RECOMMENDS--(1) CHILDREN CAN ACQUIRE AN AWARENESS OF THEIR LUMINOUS ENVIRONMENT THROUGH EARLY TRAINING, (2) INTENSITY, DISTRIBUTION, HORIZONTAL OR VERTICAL POLARIZATION AND THE…

Two separate studies were designed to investigate the effect of reading the first word of a pair on the speed of recognizing the second. One study drew its subjects from the college level; the other from the fourth grade. A Scientific Prototype Three-Channel Tachistoscope was used, and an erasing image was flashed immediately following the…