A major error in cognitive science has been to suppose that the meaning of a representation in the mind is known prior to its production. Representations are inherently perceptual--constructed by a perceptual process and given meaning by subsequent perception of them. The person perceiving the representation determines what it means. This premise…

Infants' visual perception of number change was investigated in three studies. These studies focused on infants' perception of events in which the total number of objects in a small group was changed through addition of another object. Involving 60 infants 5 months of age, Study I attempted to determine whether subjects perceived the properties in…

Butler (1980) compared errors representing intrusions and mislocalizations on 3x3 letter displays under pattern-mask versus no-mask conditions and found that pattern masking increased character mislocalization errors (naming a character in the display but not in the target position as being the target) over intrusion errors (naming a character not…

Studies of selective attention suggest a system which operates across modalities and on many forms of internal representation. Complex analysis, even semantic analysis, of sensory input may occur automatically, but attention controls the locus of action. When computations carried out by the brain are effortful, in the sense that elements compete…

At some time during every fixation a decision is made to move the eyes, directing them to a new location in the stimulus array. To understand the eye movement control processes, three general hypotheses concerning the cognitive basis for deciding to move the eyes were investigated: the saccade (movement) initiation time is determined only on the…

Authors proposed that something beneath the level of emotions is playing an important part in determining day-to-day behavior. (Author/RK)

This study investigates detrimental perceptual effects of adding extraneous stimuli to a tachistoscopic pattern. In two experiments, a general inhibitory effect on reproduction accuracy was found, along with a local effect on elements spatially close to the extraneous stimuli. (Editor)

Contains a ten item annotated bibliography of resource materials on visual perception problems commonly found in students who experience reading difficulty. (RB)

In this study of the visual placing response (an extension of the paws or arms on approach to a visual surface), infants extended their arms almost as much to a gray surface as to a patterned one. (Author/CS)

Subjects of this study were 19- and 23-week-old infants. Results showed that the older infants demonstrated differential attention to novel over familiar stimuli during recognition tests. An examination of their responsiveness during familiarization presentations indicated differing trends of looking activity. (Author/CS)

Indicates that a substantial number of subjects studied show visual-perceptual deficit and presents five practical suggestions for the education of these children. (RB)

Identifies those error items on the Bender-Gestalt Test which tend to discriminate over age and identifies those items which do not discriminate beyond certain ages. (RB)

A historical sketch of the development of Otto Neurath's visual science method called International System of Typographic Picture Education (ISOTYPE). (HB)

The relationship between age of onset of blindness and development of knowledge of color relations was examined with 16 college students who had been born totally blind, 16 who had been blinded totally at approximately 15 years of age, and 16 who had normal vision. Ss were asked to judge the similarities between color names, and judgments were…