This book examines changes in the first language (L1) of people who know a second language (L2), seeing L2 users as people who differ from the monolingual in both first and second languages. It describes a range of psychological and linguistic approaches. The 13 chapters include the following: (1) "Introduction: The Changing L1 in the L2…

This publication reviews research findings on selected aspects of home and school language usage in the Pacific region, which is a multilingual context with English as the common language. Patterns of indigenous and English language vary considerably across geographical areas. Traditional cultures and languages are changing rapidly. The wide…

This paper explores the whole language approach to teaching English as a Second Language (ESL) in the context of gender issues. More specifically, this study is focused on teaching ESL to university freshman in Taiwan. The whole language approach is used for two reasons: language can best be learned when it kept as a whole--especially with…

This study investigated the relationship of language learning strategies use and self-efficacy of high school students learning Chinese, German, Russian, Japanese, and Spanish. Through two questionnaires, The Language Learning Strategies Questionnaire and The Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, researchers were able to collect and analyze data on…

This study investigated the relationship of language learning strategies use and self-efficacy of French, Japanese, and Spanish elementary immersion students. Previous and concurrent research conducted by the National Capital Language Resource Center (NCLRC) indicated that secondary level language students show positive correlations between the…

Current research in the English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) field has not assessed the comparative ability of indirect and direct test scores to predict academic success. Work of this kind would inform practice in the area of testing and placement. This study investigates the practical problem of making appropriate placement decisions for students…

This book sets out to adapt and use some of the practical approaches of genre theory to the teaching of writing to English as a Second or Other Language (ESOL) and Basic Skills students in Britain. The book has 9 units exploring different types of text or genres, descriptions of people, descriptions of places, personal narratives, folk stories,…

This document considers the position, plight, and needs of recent Central American immigrants to Canada. It seeks to answer three questions: What kind of support do they need? What kind of programs can respond to their needs? How can they be helped to integrate into Canadian society? Several facts are uncovered, and conclusions are reached based…

This paper suggests that computer assisted language learning (CALL) can and should be used in language education in Japan in more effective ways. It suggests practical ideas for incorporating the use of computers into English language instruction in Japan. Japanese teachers of English have many concerns about the use and efficacy of computers in…

This handbook provides a comprehensive, theoretical framework and practical guide to implementing, evaluating, administering, and maintaining a successful dual language instruction program. Practical tools include sample lessons, evaluation checklists, tables, and charts. Also provided are a list of reference materials, useful organizations,…

This document discusses research findings related to the question of how long language minority students need special services such as English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) courses or bilingual education before they develop oral and academic English proficiency. It draws conclusions based on a study of four different school districts, two in…

The two volumes of these working papers include articles by linguists from Scandinavia and other parts of the world. Under the heading, "The Use of IT in Grammatical Analysis/Parsing" are five articles: "Creating Inflecting Electronic Thesauri"; "Tagging Speech Data--Constraint Grammar Analysis of Spoken Portuguese";…

This report contains a synopsis of the binational conference and features brief summaries of all the papers presented at the conference. Over 350 educators, community leaders, and researchers were brought together to discuss the educational extremes found along the border between the United States and Mexico and to investigate instructional…

This guide accompanies a videotape that can be used as a tool to help prepare refugees for their life in the United States. The trainers who use this guide can help refugees to process the information that is presented in the video and relate it to their own lives. The activities suggested in the guide focus on the content of the video as well as…

A study investigated the effectiveness of tandem second language learning using electronic mail (e-mail). Tandem language learning refers to a partnership between two learners, each learning the other's native language. The underlying principles of reciprocity and learner autonomy are explored, use of asynchronous communication between individuals…