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Imada, Toshie; Carlson, Stephanie M.; Itakura, Shoji – Developmental Science, 2013
Accumulating evidence suggests that North Americans tend to focus on central objects whereas East Asians tend to pay more attention to contextual information in a visual scene. Although it is generally believed that such culturally divergent attention tendencies develop through socialization, existing evidence largely depends on adult samples.…
Descriptors: Cultural Differences, Context Effect, Early Childhood Education, Evidence
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Felver, Joshua C.; Doerner, Erin; Jones, Jeremy; Kaye, Nicole C.; Merrell, Kenneth W. – Psychology in the Schools, 2013
Although the use of mindfulness is increasing in other areas of applied psychology, school psychology has yet to embrace it in practice. This article introduces school psychologists to the burgeoning field of mindfulness psychology and to the possibilities that it offers to their discipline. A background on the Western scientific study and…
Descriptors: Metacognition, School Psychology, Intervention, Innovation
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Breckenridge, Kate; Braddick, Oliver; Anker, Shirley; Woodhouse, Margaret; Atkinson, Janette – British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 2013
Attentional problems are commonly reported as a feature of the behavioural profile in both Williams syndrome (WS) and Down's syndrome (DS). Recent studies have begun to investigate these impairments empirically, acknowledging the need for an approach that considers cross-syndrome comparisons and developmental changes across the different component…
Descriptors: Down Syndrome, Congenital Impairments, Genetic Disorders, Developmental Disabilities
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Buckingham, Hugh W.; Buckingham, Sarah S. – Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 2011
Recent work in neuropsychology, clinical aphasiology and neuropharmacology have presented evidence that the causative substrates of recurrent perseveration in adults with aphasia are more recondite and subject to distinct interpretations than originally thought. This article will discuss and evaluate how various proposals from theory, from the…
Descriptors: Neuropsychology, Aphasia, Repetition, Models
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Rhodes, Sinead M.; Riby, Deborah M.; Fraser, Emma; Campbell, Lorna Elise – Brain and Cognition, 2011
The present study investigated verbal and spatial working memory (WM) functioning in individuals with the neuro-developmental disorder Williams syndrome (WS) using WM component tasks. While there is strong evidence of WM impairments in WS, previous research has focused on short-term memory and has neglected assessment of executive components of…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Verbal Ability, Spatial Ability, Executive Function
Engstler, Caroline – ProQuest LLC, 2012
This dissertation examines the linguistic and extralinguistic factors that influence changes in performance in second language speech perception and speech production experienced by study-abroad returnees in the first nine months after the end of the study-abroad program. English-French bilinguals who had recently returned from a four-month study…
Descriptors: Study Abroad, Bilingualism, Second Language Learning, Retention (Psychology)
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Li, Shu-Chen – Developmental Psychology, 2012
Among other mechanisms, behavioral and cognitive development entail, on the one hand, contextual scaffolding and, on the other hand, neuromodulation of adaptive neurocognitive representations across the life span. Key brain networks underlying cognition, emotion, and motivation are innervated by major transmitter systems (e.g., the catecholamines…
Descriptors: Evidence, Motivation, Genetics, Cognitive Development
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Marschark, Marc; Knoors, Harry – Deafness and Education International, 2012
Decades of research have demonstrated that deaf children generally lag behind hearing peers in terms of academic achievement, and that lags in some areas may never be overcome fully. Hundreds of research and intervention studies have been aimed at improving the situation, but they have resulted in only limited progress. This paper examines…
Descriptors: Deafness, Learning, Spatial Ability, Visual Perception
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Yamaguchi, Motonori; Logan, Gordon D.; Bissett, Patrick G. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2012
Although dual-task interference is ubiquitous in a variety of task domains, stop-signal studies suggest that response inhibition is not subject to such interference. Nevertheless, no study has directly examined stop-signal performance in a dual-task setting. In two experiments, stop-signal performance was examined in a psychological refractory…
Descriptors: Evidence, Reaction Time, Inhibition, Program Effectiveness
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Hills, Thomas T.; Pachur, Thorsten – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2012
What are the mechanisms underlying search in social memory (e.g., remembering the people one knows)? Do the search mechanisms involve dynamic local-to-global transitions similar to semantic search, and are these transitions governed by the general control of attention, associated with working memory span? To find out, we asked participants to…
Descriptors: Proximity, Semantics, Short Term Memory, Social Networks
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Bernier, Annie; Carlson, Stephanie M.; Deschenes, Marie; Matte-Gagne, Celia – Developmental Science, 2012
This study investigated prospective links between quality of the early caregiving environment and children's subsequent executive functioning (EF). Sixty-two families were met on five occasions, allowing for assessment of maternal interactive behavior, paternal interactive behavior, and child attachment security between 1 and 2 years of age, and…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Social Influences, Child Care, Family Environment
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McKeon, Barbara; Alpern, Carol S.; Zager, Dianne – Journal of Postsecondary Education and Disability, 2013
This paper discusses the characteristics of college students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), examines the results of a survey of college faculty with regard to their understanding and expectations of students with disabilities (including those on the spectrum), and presents suggested guidelines for facilitating access to the curriculum for…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, College Students, Student Characteristics
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Sjowall, Douglas; Roth, Linda; Lindqvist, Sofia; Thorell, Lisa B. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2013
Background: The notion that ADHD constitutes a heterogeneous disorder is well accepted. However, this study contributes with new important knowledge by examining independent effects of a large range of neuropsychological deficits. In addition, the study investigated whether deficits in emotional functioning constitute a dissociable component of…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Executive Function, Neurological Impairments, Cognitive Processes
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Raver, C. Cybele; McCoy, Dana Charles; Lowenstein, Amy E.; Pess, Rachel – Developmental Science, 2013
The present longitudinal study tested the roles of early childhood executive control (EC) as well as exposure to poverty-related adversity at family and school levels as key predictors of low-income children's EC in elementary school ("n" = 391). Findings suggest that children's EC difficulties in preschool and lower family income from…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Executive Function, Low Income Groups, Poverty
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Hughes, Claire; Roman, Gabriela; Hart, Martha J.; Ensor, Rosie – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2013
Background: Building on reports that parental maltreatment and neglect adversely affect young children's executive function (EF), this longitudinal study examined whether exposure to a more common risk factor, mothers' depressive symptoms, predicted individual differences in EF at school-age. Methods: We followed up at age 6 a socially diverse…
Descriptors: Mothers, Depression (Psychology), Prediction, Young Children
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